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three popular methods: serial casting, growing rods and vertebral body tethering in this review article. Serial casting The management of EOS in young children is challenging. Conservative options such as bracing or serial casting should be the
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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formation consists of wedged vertebra, hemivertebra with different levels of segmentation and hemivertebral body ( Fig. 3 ) ( 31 ). Failures of segmentation consists of vertebral block or unilateral longitudinal bar ( 31 ) which may act as a growth tether
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with permission from Springer. Most vertebrae have at least three growth zones. 8 - 10 The pattern of posterior arch growth is linked to the presence of the neural stem and differs from vertebral body growth, which more or less resembles
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Titanium Rib (VEPTR), and Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod (MCGR). Compression-based implants are Vertebral Body Stapling (VBS) and Vertebral Body Tethers (VBT). Guided growth systems include the Luque Trolley and Shilla techniques ( 48 ). The 21st