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Stephanie Marrannes Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ghent University, Belgium

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Klaas Victor Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Leuven, Belgium

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Nele Arnout Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ghent University, Belgium

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Tine De Backer Department of Cardiology, Ghent University, Belgium

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Jan Victor Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ghent University, Belgium

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Thomas Tampere Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ghent University, Belgium

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Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a well-known complication following orthopaedic surgery. In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, incidences up to 40% have been

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Leonard Christianto Singjie Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Faculty of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

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Reynaldo Halomoan Faculty of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

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Ifran Saleh Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

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Endrotomo Sumargono Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

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Erica Kholinne Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

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; (iii) type of surgery; (iv) type, dosage, and duration of thromboprophylaxis; (v) day of mobilization; and (vi) clinical outcomes. The primary clinical outcome was VTE (DVT or PE). Secondary clinical outcomes included mortality, bleeding events, and

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Claus Varnum The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark

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Alma Bečić Pedersen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Ola Rolfson The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Cecilia Rogmark The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Malmö, Sweden

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Ove Furnes The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Geir Hallan The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Keijo Mäkelä The Finnish Arthroplasty Register
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Richard de Steiger Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, Australia
Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

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Martyn Porter The National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Isle of Man
Centre for Hip Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Trust, Lancashire, United Kingdom

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Søren Overgaard The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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thromboembolism (VTE) and blood transfusion have also been thoroughly investigated. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is a standard and well-accepted peri-operative treatment. Despite treatment, risk of symptomatic VTE has been reported to be up to 6% within 90

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Dimitrios A. Flevas First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis D. Megaloikonomos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Leonidas Dimopoulos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Evanthia Mitsiokapa First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis Koulouvaris First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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2007 ; 64 : 69 - 76 . 4. Eikelboom JW Mazzarol A Quinlan DJ ; American College of Chest Physicians . Thromboprophylaxis practice patterns in two Western Australian teaching hospitals . Haematologica 2004 ; 89

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Stefan Lazic South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Oliver Boughton MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK

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Catherine F. Kellett South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Deiary F. Kader South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Loïc Villet Centre de l’arthrose – Clinique du sport, Mérignac, France

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Charles Rivière South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK
MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK

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based on VTE and bleeding risks, aiming to limit the use of anticoagulants (low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or warfarin). In low-risk patients that have no previous history of VTE, the use of pharmacological or mechanical thromboprophylaxis with an

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Ioannis Ktistakis School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK

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Vasileios Giannoudis School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK

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Peter V. Giannoudis School of Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK

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two parts. Part A focussed on the currently acceptable protocols of thromboprophylaxis in patients presenting with a hip fracture without taking any anticoagulant therapy for other medical conditions. Large-scale studies providing evidence of the

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Torben Bæk Hansen Aarhus University and The Lundback Centre for Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Denmark

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thromboprophylaxis Mobilisation on the day of THA surgery is mandatory and significantly increases the probability of early discharge compared with mobilisation on the day after surgery and decreases the time to readiness for discharge. 32 The length and type

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Richard Peter Almeida Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Lipalo Mokete Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nkhodiseni Sikhauli Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Allan Roy Sekeitto Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Jurek Pietrzak Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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greater increase in wound discharge respectively when compared to the use of no pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. Lum et al 31 proposed that prolonged wound drainage due to anti-coagulation had a positive correlation with increased length of stay (LOS

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Gautier Beckers Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Vincent Massé Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Pascal-André Vendittoli Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Mina W Morcos Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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chemical thromboprophylaxis after TKA in the general population. However, in PWH this practice is controversial, and the best treatment is still to be determined. Some authors including Cancienne et al. showed a high rate of DVT in PWH post-TKA with 3

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Marilena Giannoudi Department of Cardiology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Peter V Giannoudis Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Floor D, Clarendon Wing, LGI, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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elderly patients exhibit higher plasma concentrations than younger patients ( 41 , 42 ). Apixaban is typically prescribed in twice-daily dosing and can be used for both thromboprophylaxis as well as treatment of venous thromboembolism ( 41

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