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Tommaso Bonanzinga Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

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Matteo Carlo Ferrari Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

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Piergiuseppe Tanzi IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Bologna, Italy

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Filippo Vandenbulcke Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

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Akos Zahar Helios ENDO-Klinik, Hamburg, Germany

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Maurilio Marcacci Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

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finally found their place. Biomarkers In the last few years, the clinical research has focused on synovial fluid biomarkers as a possible breakthrough in the complex scenario of PJI diagnosis. Numerous biomarkers have been evaluated and become

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
General Orthopaedics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.4.180029
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
Open access
AliSina Shahi The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA

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Javad Parvizi The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA

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PJI. 15 , 16 In 2013, our group evaluated 16 promising synovial fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of PJI and provided the sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker ( Table 1 ). Table 1. Evaluation of promising synovial fluid biomarkers

Article Type:
Research Article
Category:
General Orthopaedics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.1.160019
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 7
Open access
Pablo A. Slullitel Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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José I. Oñativia Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Martin A. Buttaro Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Marisa L. Sánchez Infectology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Fernando Comba Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Gerardo Zanotti Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Francisco Piccaluga Hip Surgery Unit, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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-related issues. CT, MRI and ultrasonography have limited utility due to prosthesis artefacts and the fact of being operator-dependent. 24 , 25 Synovial biomarkers In the last decade, great interest has arisen over the diagnostic accuracy of synovial

Article Type:
Research Article
Category:
Hip
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.3.170032
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 7
Open access
Ismail Remzi Tözün Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Vahit Emre Ozden Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Goksel Dikmen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Kayahan Karaytuğ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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identify the optimal time for re-implantation. 56 Synovial fluid aspiration and analyses for cell count, culture and biomarkers before re-implantation are widely used to determine the optimal time for re-implantation and to detect persistent infection

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
Knee
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.5.190069
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 10
Open access
Dongmei Wu School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom

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Rohan M Bhalekar ExplantLab, The Biosphere, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

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Jordan S Marsh School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom

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David J Langton ExplantLab, The Biosphere, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

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Alan J Stewart School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom

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the surrounding synovial fluid, accompanied by macrophagic infiltration. Joint effusion, bone and soft tissue damage and osteolysis are pronounced features in ALVAL patients ( 9 ), with most experiencing persistent pain (especially groin pain in hip JA

Article Type:
Research Article
Category:
Hip
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-22-0036
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 11
Open access
Lei Yao Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Jie Cai West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Junqiao Li Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Yan Xiong Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Jian Li Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2020 28 82 – 91 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2019.09.001 ) 35 Ding J Niu X Su Y & Li X . Expression of synovial fluid biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis and meniscus injury . Experimental and

Article Type:
Systematic Review
Category:
Knee
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-23-0040
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 1
Open access
Jeya Palan Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Ciaran Nolan Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Kostas Sarantos Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Richard Westerman Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Richard King Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Pedro Foguet Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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interest in looking at D-lactate in synovial fluid as a specific bacterial biomarker for PJI as it is a product of bacterial metabolism. In a small study of 58 patients with a PJI, Karbysheva et al found that D-lactate had a sensitivity of 96.5% and could

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
General Orthopaedics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.4.180067
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 10
Open access
Petra Izakovicova HELIOS Klinik Zerbst/Anhalt, Germany

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Olivier Borens Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Andrej Trampuz Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Berlin, Germany

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has been used as a biomarker for detection of PJI. The Alpha Defensin Lateral Flow (ADLF) test is a qualitative test that determines the presence of alpha defensin in synovial fluid and can be performed in the operation theatre or immediately after the

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
General Orthopaedics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.4.180092
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 7
Open access
Martin McNally The Bone infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

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Irene Sigmund The Bone infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria

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Andrew Hotchen The Bone infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

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Ricardo Sousa Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Santo António and CUF-Hospitais e Clinicas, Portugal

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falsely elevated in the early postoperative period (6 weeks) and in patients with a periprosthetic fracture, dislocation, crystal arthropathy or rheumatoid arthritis ( 5 ). In recent decades, new synovial biomarkers have been investigated to optimise the

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
General Orthopaedics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-23-0044
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 5
Open access
Giorgio Perino Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Ivan De Martino Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

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Lingxin Zhang Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada

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Zhidao Xia Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK

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Jiri Gallo Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic

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Shonali Natu Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees, UK

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David Langton Orthopaedic Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Monika Huber Pathologisch-bakteriologisches Institut, Otto Wagner Spital, Wien, Austria

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Anastasia Rakow Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Janosch Schoon Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Enrique Gomez-Barrena Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Veit Krenn MVZ-Zentrum für Histologie, Zytologie und Molekulare Diagnostik-GmbH, Trier, Germany

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reactions and of the underlying mechanisms of cellular response. 31 – 35 The collection of appropriate fresh tissue and synovial fluid at surgery followed by standard histopathological examination of paraffin-embedded tissue are still fundamental for

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
General Orthopaedics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.6.210013
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 6
Open access