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Lars Adolfsson Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Linköping, Sweden

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-operative stiffness. To some extent this is probably due to the highly congruent construction that is necessary for stability and the ability to sustain loads via the long lever arm that is constituted by the forearm. The skeletal anatomy of the humero-ulnar joint in

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Francesco Pirato Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

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Federica Rosso Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

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Federico Dettoni Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

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Davide Edoardo Bonasia Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

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Matteo Bruzzone Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

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Roberto Rossi Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

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Introduction Knee stiffness is a widely known and worrying condition in several postoperative knees, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). However, less is known about

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Joseph J Ruzbarsky Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA

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Rui W Soares Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

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Spencer M Comfort Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA

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Justin W Arner Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Marc J Philippon Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA

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of the extracellular matrix components of collagen and fibronectin. This tissue is typically deposited in and around damaged or inflamed tissue which in a joint space results primarily in stiffness and pain ( 4 , 5 ). Fibrosis may not be the only

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J Tomás Rojas Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Orthopädie Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hospital San José – Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile

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Mustafa S Rashid Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, United Kingdom

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Matthias A Zumstein Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Orthopädie Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Campus Stiftung Lindenhof Bern, Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland

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with open reduction and internal fixation, generally either conservative treatment or arthroplasty is preferred. Stiffness after PHF develops in a significant proportion of patients, even in undisplaced fractures managed conservatively ( 3 ). PHFs

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain

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Introduction Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains the most reliable and efficacious treatment for patients with osteoarthritis resistant to conservative therapies. The stiff knee is a postoperative complication occurring in 4–16% of patients

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Mark F Siemensma Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Anna E van der Windt Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Eline M van Es Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joost W Colaris Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Denise Eygendaal Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction Elbow stiffness can be a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living ( 1 , 2 ). The elbow joint is particularly susceptible to stiffness due to its highly congruent

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Yvet Mooiweer Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
Department of Orthopedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Lina Roling School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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Margaret Vugrin Preston Smith Library, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lobbock, Texas, USA

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Lena Ansmann Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
Chair of Medical Sociology, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR) Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Oldenburg, Germany

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Martin Stevens Department of Orthopedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Gesine H Seeber Department of Orthopedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
University Hospital of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Pius-Hospital, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

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al. conducted a systematic review about the possible influence of patient expectations on THA and TKA outcomes in terms of overall improvement, pain, function, stiffness, and satisfaction ( 11 ) (outcomes are italicized throughout the article, to

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Frantzeska Zampeli First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 417 Veterans Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Aggelos Kaspiris Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Thriasio General Hospital-NHS, Athens, Greece

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Savas Sourmelis First Department of Orthopaedics, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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, as they provide angular stability and theoretically a more rigid construct due to the head-locking mechanism. 21 However, biomechanical studies have shown no significant difference in stiffness between locking and traditional compression plates

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Elena Gálvez-Sirvent Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “Infanta Elena” University Hospital, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain

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Aitor Ibarzábal-Gil Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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. Knee stiffness Acute infection Chronic infection (osteomyelitis) Malunion Non-union Post-traumatic osteoarthritis Residual knee instability secondary to ligaments damage that was not addressed initially, during

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Michael M. Morlock TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.

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Robert Hube OCM Clinic Munich, Munich, Germany

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Georgi Wassilew Department for Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Felix Prange TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.

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Gerd Huber TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.

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Carsten Perka Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Orthopedic Department, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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range of motion of the joint with the use of small ball heads (32 mm diameter and below). The downside of all these changes was a reduction of taper contact area and taper bending stiffness. Today in Europe the so-called ‘12/14 taper’ or ‘Euro taper’ is

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