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an absolute indication for surgical management in tuberculosis of the spine (TB spine). 1 , 2 Over the years, a number of authors have used different working definitions for spinal instability in TB. However, no clear consensus exists to date
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the Iron Age. 5 Spinal surgery was initially developed as an effort to treat vertebral infection. The first spinal fusion was performed in 1911 by Hibbs, on a patient with spinal tuberculosis (TB) in an attempt to prevent disease progression. 6
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specific findings consistent with spinal echinococcosis; misdiagnosis is common with radiographs only and the lesions can be confused with tumours such as metastases and chondroblastoma, or other infections such as tuberculosis, spinal or paraspinal abscess
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a new treatment for thoracic spinal stenosis . Int Orthop 2019 ; 43 : 825 – 832 . 41. Yang J-S Chu L Deng R et al. Treatment of single level thoracic tuberculosis by percutaneous endoscopic debridement and
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metabolic aberration? 16 Could the process be an infection, especially in spinal lesions where tuberculosis can be more common? Has the lesion a haematogenous origin, e.g. chloroma, lymphoma, plasmocytoma? In such cases, immune
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synthetic substitutes. Even local intra-wound administration of antibiotic powder has been described as a method capable of reducing the rate of SSI in spinal surgery. 18 Because of their potential to provide high intra-wound concentrations without
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syphilis and leprosy. 84 Tuberculosis needs to be borne in mind as a differential diagnosis for patients travelling to endemic areas. A high index of suspicion and appropriate culture of aspirate/tissue sample with imaging gives the diagnosis. An
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bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and human genetic material from just one sample, possibly noninvasively. There is promising data on various tissues, such as synovial fluid, blood, and cerebral spinal fluid ( 5 , 9 , 32 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45
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destruction resulting from tuberculosis, and recurrent dislocations of the shoulder. In recent years, surgical indications for shoulder arthrodesis have been continuously decreasing due to the development of shoulder arthroplasty, for which results have proved
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shaping or administration by injection. Historically, it was first used to address bone defects in patients with tuberculosis; subsequently, it was noted that CS could be resorbed and replaced by new bone. 32 In addition to its osteo
