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screw placement from 91.5% to 94.4% ( 12 ). In nearly two decades, robotic-assisted spine surgery (RSS) has represented a revolution in new surgical technologies. Despite being an emerging technology, it has been widely adopted for various surgical
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anatomical features, surgical techniques and important considerations for endoscopic approaches to the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, citing relevant literature and evidence supporting surgery in each area. Key literature was identified from PubMed and
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Introduction The surgical treatment of symptomatic end-stage hip osteoarthritis has evolved over the last three hundred years from rudimentary excision surgery to modern robotic total hip arthroplasty (THA). 1 Prior to the advent of
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. D’Souza M Gendreau J Feng A Kim LH Ho AL Veeravagu A . Robotic-assisted spine surgery: history, efficacy, cost, and future trends . Robot Surg 2019 ; 6 : 9 – 23 . 31807602 4. Kayani B Konan S Ayuob A
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robotics in total joint and spine surgery . Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg , 2004 : 362 – 366 . 69. Chun YS Kim K Il Cho YJ Kim YH Yoo MC Rhyu KH . Causes and patterns of
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began to appreciate the potential advantages of surgical robots compared with computer navigation alone, with the most potential in neurosurgery and orthopaedic surgery. The first orthopaedic robotic-assisted system, the ROBODOC system (THINK Surgical
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patient-reported outcomes. Recently, robotic technology has begun to be more widely used in spine surgery, where pedicle screws can now be inserted with robotic assistance. To date there are three robots commonly utilized in spine surgery: SpineAssist
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B Quadri SA Farooqui M et al. Impact of robot-assisted spine surgery on health care quality and neurosurgical economics: a systemic review . Neurosurg Rev 2020 ; 43 : 17 – 25 .
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surgery, such as the use of endoscopic knot-tying robots, for example, AI and robotic technology have earned a permanent seat in the operating theater. Table 1 A brief dictionary of common terms in artificial intelligence. Terms
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balanced Low standing SS, sagittally imbalanced Fused spine Explanation Physiologic mobility Stiffness Spine-ageing modifications Spine-ageing modifications Spine surgery Risk assessment Very low–low Moderate–high Moderate
