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drive antibiotic resistance and, if so, whether this is of clinical relevance. Rationale and principle of antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery The implantation of foreign material in orthopaedic procedures increases the potential risk of
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correctable deformity and intact ligaments. 3 We explored the current literature to provide an overview of the causes for a symptomatic UKA, its risk factors and diagnostic modalities that can be used, and we briefly discuss treatment options. Methods
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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intervention is performed. In the case of non-randomized studies, alternative tools such as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale are available. The risk of bias assessment described above focuses on internal validity, i.e. the extent to which overall systematic error
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intubated, sedated or obtunded patients. In this perspective, red flags or predictors need to be recognized ( 45 , 46 ). When present, these risk factors should lead the physician in charge to perform frequent clinical assessments and/or repeated or
The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Clinique Victor Hugo, 5 Bis rue du Dôme 75016 Paris, France
American Hospital of Paris, 55 Boulevard du Château, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
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Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Papiermuehlestrasse 73, 3014 Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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(Bankart and variants or humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)). Recurrent episodes may include further dislocations, symptomatic subluxations or apprehension. The clinical assessment, imaging and injury patterns were previously described in
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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, nerve root irritation, and certain inflammation ( 5 ). Due to the different characteristics of the two spinal deformities, this paper mainly discusses the postural assessment of non-structural spinal deformities. Body posture is mainly described as the
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patients should undergo pre-operative nutritional assessment, but the details of what and how to assess remain debatable, with some even arguing that only patients with risk factors for malnutrition should be assessed ( 9 , 11 , 23 , 24 , 25 ). It
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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provided information on the failure and risks of devices, was unable to locate information on the total number of devices used, for example. Without this information, it is impossible to conduct a meaningful assessment of the safety of marketed devices
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
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, including the epidemiology, impact, assessment, risk factors, aetiology and treatment. Personal and economic impact Chronic pain after TKA can affect all dimensions of health-related quality of life, and has been found to be associated with
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The age distribution shows two peaks between the ages of 20 to 45 years and 70 to 80 years, 7 and the incidence rate per blunt injury shows an increasing risk for cervical spine injury with increasing age. 7 Risk factors include male gender
