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Martin McNally The Bone infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

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Irene Sigmund The Bone infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria

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Andrew Hotchen The Bone infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

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Ricardo Sousa Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Santo António and CUF-Hospitais e Clinicas, Portugal

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Introduction Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been identified as the second most common cause of revision after knee arthroplasty and the fourth commonest cause in hips, in the United Kingdom ( 1 ). This may be a major underestimation as

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Christoph H. Lohmann Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Sanjiv Rampal Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Martin Lohrengel Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Gurpal Singh Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, University Orthopaedics Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore

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Why it is important for an orthopaedic surgeon to know about imaging modalities in peri-prosthetic assessment Imaging is one essential part in the work-up of patients with total joint replacements. Although the actual scans are not done by the

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Yangqi Xu Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

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Tony B Huang Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

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Michael A Schuetz Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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Peter F M Choong Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia

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the ICARAUS group
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Introduction Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating post-surgical complications for a patient undergoing a total joint arthroplasty (TJA). As one of the leading causes of joint replacement failure, PJI causes implant

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Tommaso Bonanzinga Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

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Matteo Carlo Ferrari Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

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Piergiuseppe Tanzi IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Bologna, Italy

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Filippo Vandenbulcke Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

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Akos Zahar Helios ENDO-Klinik, Hamburg, Germany

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Maurilio Marcacci Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) occur in 0.7% to 2.4% of patients and are responsible for 15% of failed total hip arthroplasties and 25% of revision total knee arthroplasties. 1 , 2 Almost any microorganism can cause PJI

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Theofilos Karachalios Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece

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George A. Komnos Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece

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Introduction Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents one of the most devastating complications in joint arthroplasty, with a prevalence of 1–2% after primary joint replacement and 4% after revision. 1 , 2 It is also the most common

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Jaime Esteban Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz-IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Enrique Gómez-Barrena Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Introduction Orthopaedic prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a specific type of infection related to joint replacement and associated with biofilm formation on the surface of the inert implant. With an overall incidence between 1% and 5

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Geke A. W. Denissen Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

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Liza N. van Steenbergen Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

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Wouter T. Lollinga Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

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Nico J. J. Verdonschot Dept. of Biomechanics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

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Berend W. Schreurs Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
Dept. of Orthopaedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Rob G. H. H. Nelissen Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
Dept. of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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111 primary elbow arthroplasties performed in the Netherlands have been registered in the LROI. 2 The REF number (product number) and LOT number (batch number) of each prosthetic component and cement are registered in the LROI. The product number

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Michael de Buys Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Krisantha Moodley Emergency Department, ER Consulting, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Josip Nenad Cakic Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Life Fourways Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Jurek R T Pietrzak Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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techniques include antibiotic suppression, amputation and arthrodesis limited to patients who are medically unfit for the aforementioned techniques ( 9 ). Two-stage revision, the gold standard, involves removal of all prosthetic components, cement and

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Ricardo Sousa Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal

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André Carvalho Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Cláudia Santos Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal
Department of Microbiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Miguel Araújo Abreu Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal
Department of Microbiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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best practices for obtaining adequate samples in the most frequent clinical scenarios: (a) native and prosthetic joint infections; (b) osteomyelitis and fracture-related infections; (c) spinal infections and; (d) diabetic foot infections. Although a

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Sylvain Steinmetz Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Diane Wernly Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Kevin Moerenhout Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Andrej Trampuz Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Berlin, Germany

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Olivier Borens Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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. 4 However, the real incidence of IAFF is probably underestimated due to a lack of precise definition. When looking at the current literature, many studies have concentrated on prosthetic infections. Most of the applied concepts in the treatment of

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