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Sohrab Keyhani Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Movahedinia Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Arash Sherafat Vaziri Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mehran Soleymanha Orthopedic Surgery, Poursina Hospital Orthopaedic Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

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Fardis Vosoughi Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Tahami Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

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Robert F LaPrade Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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posteromedial portal, one can reach the medial aspect of the PCL attached to the posterior septum and the posterior third of the medial meniscus (the entire ramp area from the corner point to the posterior root) ( 7 ) ( Fig. 1A ). Entering the posterolateral

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Vicente Carlos da Silva Campos Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal

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Francisco Guerra Pinto Hospital Ortopédico de Sant’Ana, Hospital Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, Universidad de Barcelona, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal

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Diogo Constantino Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal

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Renato Andrade Clínica Do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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João Espregueira-Mendes Clínica Do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
School of Medicine, Minho University, Braga, Portugal

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posteromedial compartment may represent a technical challenge during arthroscopy in patients with a tight tibiofemoral joint space ( Fig. 1 ). In fact, the posterior horn of the medial meniscus is one of the most difficult areas for knee arthroscopy to access

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Manuel Monteagudo Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Ernesto Maceira Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Pilar Martinez de Albornoz Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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. The distal portal is made on the lateral border of the tendon, around 3-4 cm distal to the thickening of the Achilles in insertional tendinopathy. The proximal portal is made on the medial border of the tendon, around 3-4 cm proximal to the thickening

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Yusuf Omar Qalib Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
These authors contributed equally to this work

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Yicun Tang Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
These authors contributed equally to this work

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Dawei Wang Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

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Baizhou Xing Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

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Xingming Xu Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

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Huading Lu Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

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of onset to minimize the risk of developing MRL. 37 A posteromedial portal with the knee being flexed to 90° allows complete reveal of certain types of MRL, its subsequent treatment and prevents damage to surrounding structures. 38 Other

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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. To make the posteromedial portal, a needle is introduced behind the posterior border of the medial femoral component, approximately 0.5 to 1 cm above the joint line, taking care not to injure the saphenous nerve. The output of irrigation serum

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E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Juan S Ruiz-Pérez Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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dysesthesia (3 ankles), Achilles tendon tightness (4 ankles), type I CRPS (2 ankles), infection (2 ankles), and posteromedial portal cyst (1 ankles). One case of plantar numbness and one case of sural nerve dysesthesia did not resolve ( 33 ). In a systematic

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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can be visualized by placing the 70° arthroscope through an accessory posteromedial portal. Once the guide pin has been satisfactorily placed, a curette or commercially available pin shield should be placed over the guide pin while tunnel reaming is

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Tahir Ögüt Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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N. Selcuk Yontar Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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cannula and trocar. They are positioned extra-articularly at the level of the posterior talar process and then the trocar is changed and replaced with a 4.0-mm 30° arthroscope The posteromedial portal is made at the same level. After the skin incision

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Mark F Siemensma Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Anna E van der Windt Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Eline M van Es Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joost W Colaris Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Denise Eygendaal Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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stability is often not abnormal; however, it can be difficult to test in patients with limited ROM. In stiff elbows, pathological changes of the posteromedial capsule, as well as tissue scarring or even protruding metalwork due to previous surgery, increase

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Raul Barco Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain

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Samuel A. Antuña Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain

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ligament insufficiency prior to ligament reconstruction. The image corresponds to a posterior viewing portal of a right elbow with a tissue grasper inserted through a posterolateral portal removing a posteromedial loose osteophyte. Post

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