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Markus A. Küper BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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Alexander Trulson BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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Fabian M. Stuby BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Surgery, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany

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Ulrich Stöckle BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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seventh and eighth decades. However, the incidence of pelvic ring fractures rises with increasing age. The immobilization associated with pelvic ring fractures has severe side effects, especially for the elderly, so the main focus within the treatment of

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Javier Pizones Spine Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Eduardo García-Rey Hip Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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assessed by the pelvic incidence (PI) angle, a concept that originated from Duval-Beaupère’s studies, 16 which can be measured in a sagittal standing radiograph. PI is defined as the angle created by the intersection of the line drawn from the centre

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Emmanuele Santolini Academic Unit of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Genoa, Italy
Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, LGI, University of Leeds, UK

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Nikolaos K. Kanakaris Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, LGI, University of Leeds, UK

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Peter V. Giannoudis Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, LGI, University of Leeds, UK
NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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fusion rates following sacral fractures have been reported to be 85–90%. 6 , 105 Malunion can occur after delayed treatment or insufficient reduction, with a consequent alteration of pelvic incidence. This is more frequent with Roy-Camille II and III

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Francesco Benazzo Chirurgia Protesica ad Indirizzo Robotico, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy

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Dante Dallari Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques – Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Francesco Falez Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ASL Roma 1, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy

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Giuseppe Solarino Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Orthopaedic & Trauma Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, AOU Consorziale ‘Policlinico’, Bari, Italy

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Rocco D’Apolito Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Claudio Carlo Castelli FROM, Research Foundation Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy

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aspect of the femur ( 7 ). Spinopelvic parameters such as sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), and pelvic incidence (PI) aid in classifying such positional changes ( Figs 1 and 2 ). Figure 1 Reduction of sacral slope (SS, blue lines) between the

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George Grammatopoulos The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Moritz Innmann Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

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Philippe Phan The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Russell Bodner Midwest Orthopedic Institute, Sycamore, United States of America

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Geert Meermans Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands

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bicoxofemoral axis to the midpoint of the sacral plate and the vertical ( 47 ). Pelvic incidence (PI) Pelvic incidence is defined as the angle between a line perpendicular to the sacral plate at its midpoint and a line connecting the same point to the

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Emmanuelle Ferrero Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, France, APHP, Université Paris V

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Pierre Guigui Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, France, APHP, Université Paris V

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, sagittal facets). More recently, the role of sagittal alignment was highlighted: DS patients had on average higher pelvic incidence than asymptomatic subjects. 38 Based on these findings, one explanation of the physiopathology of DS might be that high

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Alfonso Vaquero-Picado Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Gaspar González-Morán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Enrique Gil Garay Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Luis Moraleda Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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findings that there was no incidence of hip dysplasia among fetuses aborted below 20 weeks of gestation, it seems that most of the changes that lead to a DDH appear in the last months of intrauterine life. Diverse theories and risk factors have been

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Anders Falk Brekke Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
University College Absalon, Center of Nutrition and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy, Region Zealand, Denmark

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Søren Overgaard Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Asbjørn Hróbjartsson Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Anders Holsgaard-Larsen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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, loss of function or reduced quality of life. The relationship between mechanical factors and incidence of LBP was assessed in 600 individuals and no association between anterior pelvic tilt and LBP was found. 36 This systematic review found a very

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Charles Court Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Leonard Chatelain Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Barthelemy Valteau Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Charlie Bouthors Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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type 2. Conversely, an extension of the spine will lead to type 3. The SPD can change the shape of the sacrum and acetabulum, thereby altering the position of the acetabula within the pelvis and changing the pelvic incidence (cf. Fig. 3 ). Pelvic

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Juan I. Cirillo Totera Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile

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José G. Fleiderman Valenzuela Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile

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Jorge A. Garrido Arancibia Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile

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Samuel T. Pantoja Contreras Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile

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Lyonel Beaulieu Lalanne Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile

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Facundo L. Alvarez-Lemos Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile

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”, “sagittal balance”, “sagittal imbalance”, “pelvic incidence” and “lumbar lordosis”. The inclusion criteria were articles, clinical guidelines, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in indexed journals, with full

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