National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
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appropriate, targeted management in this early subacute phase, potentially halting progression into longer-term pain and disability. 15 Despite a good outcome for many, a considerable proportion of patients have chronic pain after TKA. In a systematic
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management pathway. Infection Pain is often associated with infections. The pain is thought to be secondary to inflammation and infection. The release of inflammatory cytokines during an infection contributes to the initiation and persistence of pain
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Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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when compared to GA. 9 , 10 Regional analgesia (RA) have been used to optimize pain management during the postoperative phase of TKA. 11 Most RA techniques use local anesthetics (LA), in lower concentration than anesthesia methods, to reduce pain and
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diagnostic outcomes. 19 Management Conservative treatment The objectives of non-surgical treatment are to alleviate pain and improve function. The initial treatment of LSS is non-surgical. The most effective non-surgical treatment is a
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SUNY Downstate Medical School, New York City, New York, USA
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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on the extent of the curvature, with simple observation and bracing for mild cases and surgical management for severe cases ( 13 , 14 ). Despite optimal management, AIS can continue into adulthood and result in chronic pain, disability, and
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with TKA, 1 – 5 and represents a significant cause of morbidity due to pain and restricted function. 6 Risk-reduction strategies and appropriate management options should be identified to deliver optimal care plans for this group. Although
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third interdigital neuroma pain may be a ‘true neuroma’, whereas second interdigital nerve-related pain may have a different underlying cause and possibly requires a different management approach. This has not, however, been scientifically proven
Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (CORE) – Centre of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
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Gennimatas General Hospital, Cholargos, Athens, Greece
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superior HHS and pain scores during the first 12 months. 55 Although SWT was considered beneficial for the management of GTPS, the information for the control group was unclear. Surgical treatment Surgical management is indicated for full
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some degree of stability to the motion segment and should be considered in the decision-making process regarding management of the spondylolisthesis and the stenotic and/or back pain symptoms. Classification systems Although the Wiltse and
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Osteotomie Komitee der Deutschen Knie Gesellschaft (DKG), Munich, Germany
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Osteotomie Komitee der Deutschen Knie Gesellschaft (DKG), Munich, Germany
AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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cartilage cell regeneration, but its generalizability is limited due to small sample sizes ( n = 20 ( 15 ) and n = 12 ( 16 )). Pain management Postoperative pain reduction can be achieved by regional anesthesia. A randomized, placebo