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Markus Walther Schön Klinik München Harlaching – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Harlachinger Straße, Munich, Germany
Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Zentrum München (MUM), Marchionostraße, Munich, Germany
Justus Maximilian University Wuerzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstraße, Würzburg, Germany
Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Strubergasse, Salzburg, Austria
Working Group Clinical Tissue Regeneration of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (DGOU), Berlin, Germany

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Oliver Gottschalk Schön Klinik München Harlaching – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Harlachinger Straße, Munich, Germany
Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Zentrum München (MUM), Marchionostraße, Munich, Germany
Working Group Clinical Tissue Regeneration of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (DGOU), Berlin, Germany

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Matthias Aurich Working Group Clinical Tissue Regeneration of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (DGOU), Berlin, Germany
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), DOUW - Abteilung für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Ernst-Grube-Straße, Halle, Germany
BG-Klinikum Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Saale, Germany

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Introduction Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) affect the talar dome with varying involvement of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. In 2017, the working group ‘Clinical Tissue Regeneration’ of the German Society of

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Fabian Krause Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Helen Anwander Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Introduction Over 60% of the talus is covered with cartilage. Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) describes damage to the talar cartilage including pathological changes in the underlying bone. In 1870, Paget ( 1 ) first described loose

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Helen Anwander Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Philipp Vetter Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Christophe Kurze Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Chui J Farn Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China

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Fabian G Krause Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Introduction An osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is defined as damage to the talar cartilage with pathological changes in the underlying bone. OLTs are associated with residual pain following an acute ankle sprain or in patients with

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Silvia Valisena Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland

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Benjamin Azogui Department of Orthopaedics, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

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Rémy S Nizard Department of Orthopaedics, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

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Philippe M Tscholl Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland

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Etienne Cavaignac Department of Orthopaedics, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France

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Pierre-Alban Bouché Department of Orthopaedics, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

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Didier Hannouche Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland

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(MF) and autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) ( 6 , 7 , 8 ). Regeneration and graft transfer techniques have also expanded, thanks to the development of an arthroscopic technique for osteochondral autologous transplantation (OCT) ( 9

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Ahmed Mabrouk Mid Yorkshire Teaching Hospitals, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
Institut du mouvement et de l’appareil locomoteur, Marseille, France

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Jae-Sung An Institut du mouvement et de l’appareil locomoteur, Marseille, France

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Kristian Kley Orthoprofis Hannover, Hannover, Germany

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Komal Tapasvi The Orthopaedic Speciality Clinic, Pune, India

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Sachin Tapasvi The Orthopaedic Speciality Clinic, Pune, India

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Matthieu Ollivier Institut du mouvement et de l’appareil locomoteur, Marseille, France

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added to osteochondral autograft transfers (OATs) ( Figs. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 ). Mukai et al. 2022 ( 28 ) compared OATs + HTO to isolated OATs for knee subchondral insufficiency fractures. The OATS + HTO group had an average lesion size of 44

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Mukai Chimutengwende-Gordon Joint Reconstruction Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, UK

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James Donaldson Joint Reconstruction Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, UK

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George Bentley Joint Reconstruction Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Stanmore, UK

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accounts for 90–95% of the collagen in the extracellular matrix. 1 , 2 Cartilage is avascular, aneural and alymphatic and consequently has limited regenerative potential. 3 Chondral and osteochondral lesions of the knee are common and may lead to

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Ippokratis Pountos Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK

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Peter V. Giannoudis Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LS7 4SA Leeds, West Yorkshire, Leeds, UK

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-operative means. 1 The effective filling of the subchondral bone voids following successful elevation of osteochondral fragments remains an essential part of treatment as it provides structural support, eliminating the risk of secondary collapse and

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Erdem Sahin Cankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkiye

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Reha Tandogan Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Cankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkiye & Halic University, Istanbul, Turkiye

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Michael Liebensteiner Orthopädie, Knie & Fuß im Zentrum, Innsbruck, Austria

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Guillaume Demey Lyon Ortho Clinic, Lyon, France

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Asim Kayaalp Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Cankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkiye & Halic University, Istanbul, Turkiye

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the extremity. Anteroposterior, lateral knee x-rays and Laurin views of the patella are reviewed for the presence of patellar subluxation, osteochondral fracture, trochlear dysplasia and patellar height. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is

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Simon Donell University of East Anglia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Norwich Medical School, UK

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, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis and subchondral cysts. The subchondral sclerosis is due to the thickening of the subchondral bone. The osteochondral junction is the transition between soft and hard tissues and so is critical in absorbing the stresses during

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Tahir Ögüt Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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N. Selcuk Yontar Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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technique increasingly used for the treatment of hindfoot pathologies. 1 Posterior ankle impingement syndrome, flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon problems, osteochondral lesions, subtalar coalitions, osteoarthritis, talar bone cysts, talar fractures

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