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Daniel J. McCormack Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Darren Puttock Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Steven P. Godsiff Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Introduction Many patients present to orthopaedic surgeons with a painful knee attributed to osteoarthritis of the medial compartment, where the lateral compartment and patella-femoral joint are relatively spared. Traditionally, the treatment

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Alessandro Bensa Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland

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Alessandro Sangiorgio Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland

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Angelo Boffa Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Manuela Salerno Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Giacomo Moraca Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland

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Giuseppe Filardo Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Lugano, Switzerland

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Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common orthopedic diseases and represents a major cause of knee pain and disability in older adults ( 1 , 2 ). The prevalence of this degenerative condition is currently rising, with a

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Julien Favre Swiss BioMotion Laboratory, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Brigitte M. Jolles Swiss BioMotion Laboratory, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common type of arthritis, is a disease causing pain, deformity, and dysfunction of the joints. This condition affects a constantly increasing portion of the population, inducing serious socio

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Gerardo Fusco Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
These authors contributed equally to the article and should both be considered first authors

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Francesco M. Gambaro Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
These authors contributed equally to the article and should both be considered first authors

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Berardo Di Matteo Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
First Moscow State Medical University – Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia

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Elizaveta Kon Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with a tendency to worsen over time, characterized by articular cartilage degradation, subchondral damage, and bone remodelling, most commonly affecting weight-bearing joints such as

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Tommaso Bonanzinga IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Pietro Conte IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Giuseppe Anzillotti IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Vincenzo Longobardi IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Elizaveta Kon IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Disaster Surgery, Moscow, Russia

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Maria Rescigno IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Maurilio Marcacci IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA), most commonly developing in the knee joint, is the main cause of disability in older adults and is characterized by pain, loss of function, and decreased quality of life (QoL). Nowadays, an estimated 240

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Hsiao-Yi Cheng Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chun-Wei Liang School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yu-Hao Lee Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Timporn Vitoonpong Department of Rehabilitation, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bankok, Thailand

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Chun-De Liao Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Master’s Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Shih-Wei Huang Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Introduction Knee osteoarthritis is a common cause of disability in older adults. Current treatment strategies for knee osteoarthritis can be classified as surgical and non-surgical interventions. Total knee arthroplasty is an effective

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Sebastian Kopf Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany

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Manuel-Paul Sava Orthopedics and Traumatology 2nd Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Christian Stärke Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany

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Roland Becker Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany

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osteoarthritis (OA). This close relationship between menisci and articular cartilage has also been demonstrated through the impact of degenerative and trauma-related meniscal injuries on the articular cartilage. 7 – 9 Both cartilage and meniscus lesions

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David T. Wallace Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK

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Philip E. Riches Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

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Frédéric Picard Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK

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form conclusions as to the biomechanical nature of self-reported instability and to suggest further direction for research to produce a quantifiable marker for knee instability. PubMed and Medline searches using the terms ‘knee’, ‘osteoarthritis

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Gareth G. Jones MSk Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Martin Jaere MSk Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Susannah Clarke MSk Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Justin Cobb MSk Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Introduction High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is typically used to treat early isolated medial tibiofemoral compartment osteoarthritis in younger, and physically active, patients for whom knee arthroplasty is associated with higher revision rates

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Gareth G. Jones MSk Lab, Imperial College London, UK.

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Susannah Clarke MSk Lab, Imperial College London, UK.

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Martin Jaere MSk Lab, Imperial College London, UK.

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Justin Cobb MSk Lab, Imperial College London, UK.

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is an important cause of disability in both the United Kingdom and United States, representing a significant individual and socioeconomic burden. 1 – 3 The knee joint is most commonly affected (termed

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