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Jaime Esteban Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz-IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Enrique Gómez-Barrena Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Introduction Orthopaedic prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a specific type of infection related to joint replacement and associated with biofilm formation on the surface of the inert implant. With an overall incidence between 1% and 5

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Theofilos Karachalios Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece

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George A. Komnos Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece

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implant retention) is also indicated for early or acute infections. Other strategies, with specific indications, which are less popular and produce poorer results, include antibiotic suppression, arthrodesis, and even amputation. 6 The cost of

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Christof Berberich Department of Medical Training and Education, Heraeus Medical GmbH, Wehrheim, Germany

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Pablo Sanz-Ruiz Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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importance to control the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. However, because of the high risk of bacterial biofilm infections, their prophylactic use in invasive orthopaedic implant procedures appears justified. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement and other

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Nicola Ratto University of Torino, Italy

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Chiara Arrigoni University of Torino, Italy

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Federica Rosso AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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Matteo Bruzzone AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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Federico Dettoni AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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Davide Edoardo Bonasia AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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Roberto Rossi AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 ; 1 :CD006353. 38 Boekel P Blackshaw R Van Bavel D Riazi A Hau R . Sterile stockinette in orthopaedic surgery: a possible pathway for infection . ANZ J Surg 2012 ; 82

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Razvan Ene Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania

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Mihai Nica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Dragos Ene Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Catalin Cirstoiu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Introduction Infection associated with orthopaedic implants or surgical site infections is a deleterious complication, resulting in considerable rates of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, management of this complication is incredibly

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Maria A. Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria

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Dimosthenis Andreou Department of General Orthopaedics and Tumour Orthopaedics, University Hospital Muenster, Germany

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Per-Ulf Tunn Tumour Orthopaedics, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Germany

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria

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PTTF retrospectively included – mean follow up of 5.3 years, with an implant, limb and prosthesis survival of 90%, 100% and 80%, respectively – four failures occurred (two infections, two mechanical failures) –> one amputation for infected prosthesis

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Christoph H. Lohmann Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Sanjiv Rampal Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Martin Lohrengel Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Gurpal Singh Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, University Orthopaedics Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore

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should be assessed for consistency with the patients’ history and findings from the physical examination before coming to a final impression. The evidence shows that implant failure is most commonly for two reasons, aseptic loosening or infection, where

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Gerhard M. Hobusch Medical University of Vienna, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Vienna, Austria

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Kevin Döring Medical University of Vienna, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Vienna, Austria

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Rickard Brånemark Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
Biomechatronics Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

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Reinhard Windhager Medical University of Vienna, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Vienna, Austria

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that there are different degrees of biofilm production by bacteria causing implant-associated infection, which may influence future decision making by orthopaedic surgeons. 39 Porous titanium alloy flanges that are coated with fibronectin

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Petra Izakovicova HELIOS Klinik Zerbst/Anhalt, Germany

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Olivier Borens Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Andrej Trampuz Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Berlin, Germany

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infection in patients with delayed, but not early, orthopaedic implant failure . Bone Joint J 2013 ;95-B: 244 – 249 . 52. Portillo ME Salvadó M Alier A et al. Advantages of sonication fluid culture for the diagnosis

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Donald J. Davidson Research Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, London, UK
Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK

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David Spratt Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK

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Alexander D. Liddle Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
MSK Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK

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; 16 : 397 – 409 . 19. Tande AJ Patel R . Prosthetic joint infection . Clin Microbiol Rev 2014 ; 27 : 302 – 345 . 20. Zimmerli W . Clinical presentation and treatment of orthopaedic implant

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