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Philipp Schleicher Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Andreas Pingel Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Frank Kandziora Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Glasgow Coma Scale) No focal neurological deficit No painful distracting injuries Both of these clinical decision rules have shown a good sensitivity in the range of 90% to 100% in several large prospective cross-sectional studies. In

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Nicolas de l’Escalopier Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France
Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologie et Chirurgie Réparatrice des Membres, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, France

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Marjorie Salga Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France

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Laure Gatin Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France

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François Genêt Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France

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Philippe Denormandie Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France

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concern polytraumatized patients, who usually require a period of critical care and have sustained various associated neurological and non-neurological lesions from the trauma. Furthermore, the degree of neurological recovery remains uncertain and

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Charles Court Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Leonard Chatelain Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Barthelemy Valteau Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Charlie Bouthors Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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-energy trauma, patients are often relatively young and polytraumatized. They require resuscitation while being investigated for life-threatening lesions. After the hemodynamic stabilization of the patient, one must assess the neurological function of an alert

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Emmanuele Santolini Academic Unit of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Genoa, Italy
Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, LGI, University of Leeds, UK

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Nikolaos K. Kanakaris Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, LGI, University of Leeds, UK

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Peter V. Giannoudis Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, LGI, University of Leeds, UK
NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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-Camille includes four different types of fractures with different risks of neurologic lesions, types I and II being the most common (93%), types III and IV less common (7%) ( Fig. 3 ). 27 Isler also classified sacral fractures following the location criteria

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Alexandre Lädermann Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland

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Jérome Tirefort Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, Switzerland

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Davide Zanchi Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland

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Sven Haller Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge CDRC, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany

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Caecilia Charbonnier Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Medical Research Department, Artanim Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland

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Pierre Hoffmeyer Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland

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Gregory Cunningham Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland

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). 15 Fig. 1 Apprehension may be related to a) central nervous system sequelae, b) peripheral neurological, muscular or capsular/ligamentous lesions consecutively to dislocation or c) mechanical instability as micro-movements. Reproduced from

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Eustathios Kenanidis Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland
Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (CORE) – Centre of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece

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George Kyriakopoulos Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland
Gennimatas General Hospital, Cholargos, Athens, Greece

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Rajiv Kaila Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland

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Panayiotis Christofilopoulos Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland

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tendinosis, partial and complete ruptures mean the best management remains inconclusive. Full gluteal tendon ruptures and partial tears that are non-responsive to conservative treatment may be surgically treated. Chronicity of the lesion, the neurologic

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Marta Salom Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, La Fe University and Polytechnique Hospital, Valencia, Spain

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Inês Balacó Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Portugal

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Introduction Bone tumours are more common in children than in adults, being the vast majority benign. So, it is common for an orthopaedic surgeon to face his professional career with bone lesions in children that may raise doubts about whether

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G. Vilà-Canet ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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A. García de Frutos ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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A. Covaro ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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M.T. Ubierna ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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E. Caceres ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain

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without neurological impairment. Diagnostic imaging Several imaging tests are available to diagnose spinal fracture in injured patients. Plain radiographs and CT scans are usually enough to evaluate stable lesions such as compression fractures or

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Alexandre Lädermann La Tour Hospital; University of Geneva; Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland

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Stephen S. Burkhart The San Antonio Orthopaedic Group; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA

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Pierre Hoffmeyer Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland

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Lionel Neyton Mermoz Hospital, Lyon, France

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Philippe Collin Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Grégoire, Saint- Grégoire, France

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Evan Yates St Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco, USA

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Patrick J. Denard Southern Oregon Orthopedics, Medford, Oregon, USA

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retraction of the muscle and the remnant of the tendon ( Fig. 6 ). Its origin is then either retraction, which may appear after some hours, or neurological lesions, which are noted after some weeks. 28 Fig. 5 a) Schema of a B2 rotator cuff lesion

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Miklós Szendrői Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Imre Antal Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Attila Szendrői Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Áron Lazáry National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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Péter Pál Varga National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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associated with consequent pathological fracture and neurological impairment which significantly worsen the patient’s quality of life as well as survival. Early recognition of unstable lesions is crucial in the treatment choice, but the evaluation of

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