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Abdus S. Burahee The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew D. Sanders The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Colin Shirley The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Dominic M. Power The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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compression. Resisted little finger FDP muscle action is key to detecting a subtle motor deficit. The examiner’s index finger should not be able to overpower the flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint in the small finger if motor function is normal. The

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Giuseppe Toro Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

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Antimo Moretti Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy.

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Marco Paoletta Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy.

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Annalisa De Cicco Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy.

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Adriano Braile Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy.

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Alfredo Schiavone Panni Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy.

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years old at the time of the fracture. He was a non-communicative CP patient with a Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) grade II. He was referred to the authors two months after symptoms began and X-rays showed bilateral Garden IV hip

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Lars B. Dahlin Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Mikael Wiberg Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, University Hospital, and Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden

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the axons and the connective tissue are still in continuity. Clinically, this produces a nerve conduction block with disturbed motor and sensory function, which is transient, extending from hours up to a few weeks. The term axonotmesis, introduced by

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Stéphane Armand Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Switzerland

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Geraldo Decoulon Pediatric Orthopaedic Service, Department of Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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Alice Bonnefoy-Mazure Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Switzerland

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Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). 3 Walking is essential for activities of daily living and social participation; therefore, it is often considered one of the most important activities in daily life. 4 Nowadays, due to the

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Petros Mikalef Birmingham Hand Centre, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, UK

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Dominic Power Birmingham Hand Centre, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, UK

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spasticity of the finger flexors in the CP patient, and procedures that aim to reduce hyperexcitability by reducing the motor nerve supply by dissection of the whole nerve. If no remaining function is expected a neurotomy is performed or, if volitional

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Mirza Biscevic Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Aida Sehic Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring, SMS, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Ferid Krupic Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden

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window of opportunity to the surgeon and anaesthesiologist to act before the injury becomes irreversible. Therefore, the monitoring of gross motor and sensory function in spine deformity surgery is extremely important, especially when correcting spine

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Abdus S. Burahee The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew D. Sanders The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Dominic M. Power The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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. Cubital tunnel syndrome The ulnar nerve (UN) supplies motor function to the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), the two ulnar flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons, the palmar and dorsal interossei, the two ulnar lumbricals, the abductor digiti minimi (AbDM

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Deepak Samson The Centre for Nerve Injury and Paralysis, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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Chye Yew Ng The Upper Limb Unit, Wrightington Hospital, UK

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Dominic Power The Centre for Nerve Injury and Paralysis, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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cases where there is good early spontaneous recovery of some motor or sensory function within the first 12 weeks, but further recovery relies on axonal re-growth which may be unpredictable. Incidence The reported incidence of common peroneal

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Myles C Murphy Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia

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Christopher Latella School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia

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Ebonie K Rio La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
Australian Ballet, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
Victorian Institute of Sport, Albert Park Victoria, Australia

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Janet L Taylor School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia

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Stephanie Martino Cubus Physio Zug, Zug, Switzerland

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Colin Sylvester Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia

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William Hale Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia

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Andrea B Mosler Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia

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meta-analysis of chronic pain conditions demonstrated disinhibition, with subsequent increases in motor cortex excitability ( 17 ). The function of the motor cortex, responsible for initiating and providing descending drive to allow voluntary muscle

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Alexandre Lädermann Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland

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Jérome Tirefort Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, Switzerland

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Davide Zanchi Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland

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Sven Haller Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge CDRC, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany

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Caecilia Charbonnier Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Medical Research Department, Artanim Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland

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Pierre Hoffmeyer Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland

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Gregory Cunningham Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland

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one score could encompass the spectrum of these cerebral alterations. They found that the Rowe score integrated several aspects of apprehension, notably the motor and sensory functions, as well as pain anticipation and attention. This could be

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