Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
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Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Engineering, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Laboratory for Movement Analysis, University of Basel Children’s Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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studies attempted to find a correlation between overuse injuries and anatomical malalignment ( 3 , 22 , 23 ) in young populations. The term ‘miserable misalignment’, first used by Stanley J. in 1979 to indicate a condition of excessive femoral neck
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plane malalignment and in a stable knee. 1 The aim is to off-load the symptomatic affected compartment by correcting the coronal deformity present in the tibia and thereby reducing pain and improving function. HTO techniques for varus malalignment
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and alignment of the hindfoot play a key role. 53 , 54 Both factors can derive from intra-articular pathologies (e.g. post-traumatic malalignment of the tibial plafond) or pathologies of adjacent structures (e.g. tendon insufficiency). The latter
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surgeons solve this challenging and recurrent issue. We have classified the causes of iatrogenic transfer metatarsalgia based on a multiplanar assessment of the alignment of the operated first ray. According to the type of malalignment, we present a
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information. Definition of human normal limb alignment and malalignment are formulated from statistics. Thereby, the deformities of the lower limb are defined as a deviation of the physiological axes. Limb alignment deformities may have a congenital or
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fragment technically difficult. 6 , 7 This can result in malalignment, malunion, and pain. 6 – 9 The term blocking screw was first introduced by Donald and Seligson in 1983 – as they ‘block’ the nail from malreducing the fracture. 10 Krettek
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patients with OLT present ankle ligament laxity and 39% of patients with ankle instability present with an OLT ( 5 , 6 ). Subsequently, acute trauma and repetitive micro-traumata due to ankle instability and/or hindfoot malalignment seem to be a leading
Institut du mouvement et de l’appareil locomoteur, Marseille, France
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lower limb malalignment can threaten the success of these procedures with consequent failures ( 6 , 7 , 8 ). Hence, knee osteotomy is becoming more popular as an additional procedure with cartilage repair surgeries in cases of malalignment to improve
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a conventional radiograph. In the case of the spine, alignment evaluates the correct (malalignment being the incorrect) positioning of the spinal curves when maintaining the head over the pelvis. 4 , 7 The classic parameter to measure alignment
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adduction, and hindfoot varus or high calcaneal pitch. 1 , 2 Cavovarus deformity can be classified according to the severity of malalignment ranging from a subtle and flexible cavovarus foot to a severe and fixed cavovarus deformity. There are many
