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evidence regarding postoperative treatment after cervical and lumbar spine surgery and make recommendations regarding postoperative mobilization and rehabilitation. Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed on the most recent evidence
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that THA dislocation rates are higher in patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion. 47 , 48 On the contrary, hip surgery releases preoperative contractures increasing lumbo-sacral mobility, which endangers patients with previous lumbar instability
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decompressive lumbar surgery for stenosis . Asian Spine Journal 2010 4 65 – 70 . ( https://doi.org/10.4184/asj.2010.4.2.65 ) 35. Hu P Yu M Liu X Liu Z Jiang L Chen Z . One-staged combined decompression for the patients with cervico
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thoracoabdominal CT with contrast is required for every polytrauma patient. CT scan at spine and pelvic levels may reveal lumbar and sacral compromise such as fractures and/or dislocations and is useful to analyze the various fractures’ displacements. MRI might
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has become an essential procedure in spine surgery ( 5 ). Rajaee et al. ( 6 ) revealed that with the widespread application of pedicle screws, the number of spinal fusions has also increased dramatically by 2.4 times annually from 1998 to 2008
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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stability for the lumbar spine. After surgery, it can produce segmental off-axis movement and has a higher risk of cage migration and subsidence ( 37 ). To solve the shortcomings of these two internal fixation methods, researchers have innovated the UPS
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lumbar spondylolisthesis: an epidemiological perspective: the Copenhagen Osteoarthritis Study . Spine 2007 ; 32 : 120 - 125 . 4. Pearson AM Lurie JD Tosteson TD . Who should undergo surgery for degenerative
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. Surgery versus conservative treatment for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis . Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011 ; 36 : E1335 - E1351 . 34 Kurd MF , Lurie JD , Zhao W , et al. . Predictors of treatment choice in lumbar
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fused lumbar spine adjacent segment and resulted in an increased incidence of revision surgery for ASD after lumbar fusion. 67 – 69 The restoration of the normal relationship between LL and PI seems to be essential for postoperative outcomes. Therefore
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anatomical features, surgical techniques and important considerations for endoscopic approaches to the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, citing relevant literature and evidence supporting surgery in each area. Key literature was identified from PubMed and
