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Shaho Hasan Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Peter van Schie Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Bart L Kaptein Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Jan W Schoones Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Perla J Marang-van de Mheen Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Safety & Security Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

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Rob G H H Nelissen Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Introduction Aseptic loosening is the leading cause for revision of total hip and total knee arthroplasties (THAs/TKAs) reported in national arthroplasty registries ( 1 , 2 ). Aseptic loosening may have a multitude of causes including factors

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Bengt Mjöberg Department of Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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Introduction Minor prosthetic migration as detected by radiostereometric analysis (RSA) 1 – with a detection limit of 0.1–0.2 mm – is sometimes seen as unrelated to loosening since such prosthetic components usually remain asymptomatic

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Vasileios F Pegios Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Eustathios Kenanidis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Stavros Tsotsolis Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Michael Potoupnis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Eleftherios Tsiridis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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and 25 years, respectively ( 2 ). The most common causes of THA failure are aseptic loosening (AL), deep periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) and instability, followed by periprosthetic fractures (PPF), dislocations, implant breakage and metallosis

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Raul Barco Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Olga D. Savvidou Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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John W. Sperling Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

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Joaquín Sanchez-Sotelo Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

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Robert H. Cofield Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

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post-operative event that was likely to have a negative influence on the final outcome (infection, dislocation, nerve problems, aseptic loosening of any component, disassociation of the components or glenoid screw problems). 14 They used the term

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Michele Vasso Concordia Hospital for Special Surgery, Rome, Italy

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Alexander Antoniadis Bürgerspital Solothurn, Switzerland

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Naeder Helmy Bürgerspital Solothurn, Switzerland

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wear and tibial loosening due to the knee instability. 13 , 14 On the contrary, patients with primary anteromedial OA and secondary degenerative ACL deficiency are nowadays accepted as possible candidates for UKA, as compensatory mechanisms of the

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, La Paz Hospital Health Research Institute – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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failures, frequent bone loss and poor bone quality. 2 Bone deficiency is a common situation during rTKA, 3 with a diverse aetiology that can be due to aseptic loosening, causing a direct mechanical loss of bone, osteolysis, stress shielding and septic

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Charles Rivière MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK; South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Guido Grappiolo Unit of Hip Diseases and Joint Replacement Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Italy

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Charles A. Engh Jr Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute, USA

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Jean-Pierre Vidalain Artro Group, France

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Antonia-F. Chen Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, USA

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Nicolas Boehler Orthopaedic Department, Kepleruniklinikum Linz, Austria

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Jihad Matta Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Canada

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Pascal-André Vendittoli Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Canada

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oversized smooth surface implant which did not allow secondary fixation, leading to aseptic loosening a few years after surgery. 2 In 1981, the work of Albrektsson et al on the principles of ‘osteointegration’, 3 coupled with advancements in

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Christoph H. Lohmann Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Sanjiv Rampal Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Martin Lohrengel Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Gurpal Singh Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, University Orthopaedics Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore

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should be assessed for consistency with the patients’ history and findings from the physical examination before coming to a final impression. The evidence shows that implant failure is most commonly for two reasons, aseptic loosening or infection, where

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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%, with infection and aseptic loosening as the most common complications. Rotating hinge knee prostheses were most commonly indicated for infection, aseptic loosening, instability and bone loss. They had good outcome scores and survivorship, but continued

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Jetske Viveen Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and University, Adelaide, Australia
Upper Limb Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Izaak F. Kodde Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Andras Heijink Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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Koen L. M. Koenraadt Foundation for Orthopedic Research, Care & Education, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Michel P. J. van den Bekerom Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Denise Eygendaal Upper Limb Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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prosthesis; CC, cobalt-chromium; PC, pyrocarbon; Mono, monopolar; Bi, bipolar; Int. Loose, intentionally loose-fit. Primary outcome – failure mode The most prevalent failure mode was symptomatic aseptic loosening, occurring in 46 (30% of all

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