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Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal
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depress them, in order to obtain a good lateral x-ray film ( 14 , 15 ) ( Fig. 2 ). Figure 2 Supine position for anterior approach of the cervical spine. To decrease pressure on the lower part of the back, hips and knees can be flexed
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intravenous drip for intraoperative hemostasis during artificial joint replacement surgery. However, there is no unified standard on the route of administration, dose, timing, and way to improve the safety of TXA. Even if the drug is given locally, it should
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Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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topical TXA (tTXA) than intravenous TXA, and the advantages of tTXA have been demonstrated in other types of surgery such as hip replacement, knee replacement, and thoracic surgery ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). Studies have produced inconsistent results on whether