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, including bracing and serial casting, and surgical methods, including distraction-based, guided-growth and compression-based techniques. 5 Distraction-based techniques which are traditional/magnetically controlled growing rods and vertical expandable
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performed with traditional ‘growing’ rods (TGR) requiring repeated surgical distractions typically performed every six months, 4 , 6 , 7 with Shilla (Medtronic International, Memphis, USA) and other growth guidance systems, 14 with a vertical
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2014, Skaggs et al. classified those growth-friendly surgical techniques as distraction-based, compression-based, and guided growth methods ( 48 ). Distraction-based implants include Traditional Growing Rods (TGR), Vertical Expandable Prosthetic
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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recommended in place of single-rod technique for being a more solid construct and superior at correction ( 70 ). Studies showed that growing rods can improve Cobb angle with a varying rate of 20–50% ( 71 , 72 ). In terms of growth potential, it is established
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between 2013 and 2015 (three iliac prostheses, 12 standard hemipelvic prostheses, 20 screw-rod connected hemipelvic prostheses) – lesions were Type I in three, Type II+III in 12, Type I+II in five, Type I+II+III in two, Type I+II+IV in 10 and Type I-IV in
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania
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temporary resection-arthrodesis of the knee utilizing a long intramedullary rod and acrylic bone cement described by Professor Mario Campanacci ( Fig. 2 ). This technique has been recommended for very young patients with high growing potential as a debulking
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instability, which is worsened by the poor bone quality often encountered in these patients ( 10 ). Furthermore, limited patient compliance and inability of postoperative partial weight-bearing are factors of growing importance because of the increasing number
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SUNY Downstate Medical School, New York City, New York, USA
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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untreated patients may further develop respiratory and cardiac abnormalities due to their growing curvature affecting the contour of the thoracic cavity, thereby reducing its diameter and thus vital capacity ( 3 , 23 ). Diagnosis Diagnosis of AIS
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into each affected disc angled to reach the site of maximal protrusion. After guide-wire insertion, guiding rods and a dilating tube were then passed followed by a working cannula with an outer diameter of 4.8 mm. After resection of the margin of the
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to assess the cost-effectiveness of 3D printing technology in orthopaedic surgery. With the increasing focus on competency-based education, combined with reduced work hours for surgical residents, 52 there is a growing need for high
