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Martin McNally The Oxford Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

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Geertje Govaert Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Maria Dudareva The Oxford Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

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Mario Morgenstern Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland

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Willem-Jan Metsemakers Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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be confusing and do not give specific indication of the relationship with a fracture. The FRI Consensus Group published the initial definition criteria in 2018 8 and the term ‘fracture-related infection’ was adopted to encompass all infections

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Elizabeth K Tissingh The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
King’s Global Health Partnerships, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

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Leonard Marais Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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Antonio Loro Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services for People with Disability in Uganda (CoRSU) Hospital, Kisubi, Uganda

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Deepa Bose University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Nilo T Paner Department of Orthopaedics, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital Manila, The Phillipines

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Jamie Ferguson The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital Manila, The Phillipines

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Mario Morgensten Centre for Musculoskeletal Infections, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Martin McNally The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

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Introduction and aims The global burden of fracture-related infection (FRI) is likely to be concentrated in countries with limited healthcare resources. Conditions associated with FRI (road injuries, other musculoskeletal disorders, falls and

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Ricardo Sousa Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal

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André Carvalho Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Ana Cláudia Santos Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal
Department of Microbiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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Miguel Araújo Abreu Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and Grupo TrofaSaude, Portugal
Department of Microbiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

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best practices for obtaining adequate samples in the most frequent clinical scenarios: (a) native and prosthetic joint infections; (b) osteomyelitis and fracture-related infections; (c) spinal infections and; (d) diabetic foot infections. Although a

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Tristan Ferry Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
Centre de Références des IOA Complexes de Lyon, CRIOAc Lyon, Lyon, France
StaPath team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
Education and Clinical Officer of the ESCMID Study Group for Non-traditional Antibacterial Therapy (ESGNTA)

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Jolien Onsea Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Belgium

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Tiphaine Roussel-Gaillard Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie du Nord, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Cécile Batailler Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Médecine du Sport, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Thomas Fintan Moriarty AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos Platz, Switzerland

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Willem-Jan Metsemakers Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Belgium

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Introduction Musculoskeletal infections (MSIs), including periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and fracture-related infection (FRI), remain a devastating complication in modern trauma and orthopaedic surgery, with significant financial and

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Eustathios Kenanidis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Hellas, Greece
Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece
Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland

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Konstantinos Kapriniotis Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece

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Panagiotis Anagnostis Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece

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Michael Potoupnis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Hellas, Greece
Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece

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Panayiotis Christofilopoulos Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland

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Eleftherios Tsiridis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Hellas, Greece
Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece

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head, osteoporosis, pathological fractures and infections, namely septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. 2 , 5 Bony deformities such as marrow hyperplasia, thinning of trabeculae and cortices, as well as sclerotic areas that obliterate the femoral

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E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Carlos Kalbakdij-Sánchez Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emirates Specialty Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, UAE

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, we should attempt to avoid them whenever possible to minimise the risk of complications after primary TKA implantation. A PubMed (MEDLINE) and Cochrane Library search of studies related to PD in TKA was analysed. The keywords used were ‘Parkinson

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Piti Rattanaprichavej Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

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Patapong Towiwat Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

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Artit Laoruengthana Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

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Piyameth Dilokthornsakul Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

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Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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the most common complication (24.0%), followed by periprosthetic fracture (PPFx) (17.4%), periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (13.0%), aseptic loosening (10.9%), and ligament injury (10.9%). Other complications (13.0%) such as flexion contracture

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Maria Anna Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Lukas Leitner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Nikolaus Böhler Department for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Linz, Austria

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Franz-Josef Seibert Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Mathias Glehr Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively analyse the potential negative effect of smoking on fracture risk, nonunion risk after elective orthopaedic procedures and fracture surgery in general, postoperative infection risk after trauma and

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Salvi Prat-Fabregat Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain

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Pilar Camacho-Carrasco Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain

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answered. They are discussed in detail below. Is it a high- or a low-energy trauma? Both high- and low-energy trauma can cause TPFs. Usually complex knee fractures are seen in pedestrians struck by vehicles and also in work-related accidents. 1

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Ian Garrison Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Alabama, USA

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Grayson Domingue Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Alabama, USA

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M. Wesley Honeycutt Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Alabama, USA

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time, rate of infection, rate of refracture, and rate of nonunion. Horner et al 18 Prospective study 644 Subtrochanteric and Intertrochanteric femur fracture; implant-related complications and mortality Implant-related complication 9

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