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resonance imaging study . Human Brain Mapping 2021 42 5927 – 5942 . ( https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25659 ) 34524716 41. Koltyn KF . Exercise-induced hypoalgesia and intensity of exercise . Sports Medicine 2002 32 477 – 487 . ( https://doi.org/10
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and opioids are the most widely used to reduce the intensity of pain in these patients ( 16 , 17 ), although they have been found to cause alterations in sleep and in the gastrointestinal ( 18 ), cardiovascular, and physical functioning of patients
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( 16 ). Exercise methods and intensity to improve OA are pending further discussion and research. In addition, the effect of exercise on preventing or treating OA mainly focuses on improving pathogenesis and lesions, such as cartilage degeneration
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exercise protocols lead to faster improvement of these factors when compared with low-intensity exercise programs ( 6 , 12 , 18 , 40 ) related to improvement of the function of pelvic, hip and trunk muscles ( 18 , 40 ). Comprehensive physiotherapy
School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Australian Ballet, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
Victorian Institute of Sport, Albert Park Victoria, Australia
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Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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impaired function, causing people to leave the workforce early and frequently progress to pharmacological and surgical management ( 3 , 4 ). Best practice management for OA includes exercise targeted at peripheral impairments (e.g. muscle strength, range
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to every patient. We know that practising physical activity from low to moderate intensity is safe, increasing standards of living through higher physical and social mobility and better cardiovascular performance. Furthermore, and from a public health
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Centre of Research in Rehabilitation (CORIR), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Denmark
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defined as any ‘bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure’, 6 and can thus vary from household activities to strenuous exercise. Whether PA beneficially affects the health of an individual seems to depend on the
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volume during exercise. 1 CECS of the lower limb is well reported; 2 whereas CECS of the forearm is a rare condition in the general population, but can be observed in motorcycling racers, climbers, and rowers. 3 Clinically, the
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advocated to optimise recovery of quadriceps strength. 36 Finally, high-intensity resistance training starting at eight to 20 weeks after ACLR contributed to a faster recovery of quadriceps power compared with low-intensity resistance training without
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Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
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measurement. Active exercise is believed to activate motor neurons and enhance the sensitivity of muscle spindles. The muscle spindles are rich in key proprioceptors, leading to the AE of active reposition measurement being less than that of passive reposition