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Nuno Marques Luís Knee and Ankle Surgery, Arthroscopy and Sports Trauma Unit; Orthopedic Center, Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal

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Ricardo Varatojo Knee and Ankle Surgery, Arthroscopy and Sports Trauma Unit; Orthopedic Center, Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal

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The alignment of the lower limb can be evaluated with standard radiographic techniques. However, the mechanical and anatomic axes of the lower limb are only precisely assessed if the ankle and hip positions are known. Standing views allow the

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Jacobien H.F. Oosterhoff Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

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Job N. Doornberg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia

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Machine Learning Consortium Members of the Machine Learning Consortium: Paul Algra, Michel van den Bekerom, Mohit Bhandari, Michiel Bongers, Charles Court-Brown, Anne-Eva Bulstra, Geert Buijze, Sofia Bzovsky, Neil Chen, Job Doornberg, Andrew Duckworth, J. Carel Goslings, Benjamin Gravesteijn, Olivier Groot, Gordon Guyatt, Laurent Hendrickx, Dirk-Jan Hofstee, Frank IJpma, Ruurd Jaarsma, Stein Janssen, Paul Jutte, Aditya Karhade, Lucien Keijser, Gino Kerkhoffs, David Langerhuizen, Jonathan Lans, Wouter Mallee, Matthew Moran, Margaret McQueen, Marjolein Mulders, Miryam Obdeijn, Tarandeep Oberai, Jacobien H.F. Oosterhoff, Rudolf Poolman, David Ring, Paul Tornetta III, Joseph Schwab, Emil H. Schemitsch, Niels Schep, Inger Schipper, Bram Schoolmeesters, Marc Swiontkowski, David Sanders, Sheila Sprague, Ewout Steyerberg, Stephen D. Walter, Monique Walenkamp

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are many studies on development of decision tools, few authors have driven further development by successful external validation. 58 – 60 Methods for evaluation and monitoring models to ensure continued accuracy and performance are in their

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Shaho Hasan Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Peter van Schie Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Bart L Kaptein Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Jan W Schoones Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Perla J Marang-van de Mheen Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Safety & Security Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

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Rob G H H Nelissen Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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of bias (RoB) was assessed independently by both reviewers (SH and PvS.) using the Innovative Tools for Quality Assessment: Integrated Quality Criteria for Review of Multiple Study Designs (ICROMS) ( 41 ). The ICROMS comprises seven dimensions with

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Anders Falk Brekke Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
University College Absalon, Center of Nutrition and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy, Region Zealand, Denmark

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Søren Overgaard Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Asbjørn Hróbjartsson Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Anders Holsgaard-Larsen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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bias for each study was assessed independently and then discussed by two authors (AFB and AH-L) using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized controlled trials 25 and the ROBINS-I tool (Risk Of Bias In Non

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Wen-xi Sun State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Wei-qiang Huang State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hua-yang Li State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hong-shen Wang State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Sheng-li Guo State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Jie Dong Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, China

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Bo-lai Chen State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Yong-peng Lin State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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texts of any eligible studies, as well as their titles and abstracts, were independently evaluated by two researchers (W-X S and W-Q H). Disagreements were discussed with a third researcher (Y-P L). Inclusion and exclusion criteria The PICOS

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Claus Varnum The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark

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Alma Bečić Pedersen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Ola Rolfson The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Cecilia Rogmark The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Malmö, Sweden

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Ove Furnes The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Geir Hallan The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Keijo Mäkelä The Finnish Arthroplasty Register
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Richard de Steiger Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, Australia
Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

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Martyn Porter The National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Isle of Man
Centre for Hip Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Trust, Lancashire, United Kingdom

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Søren Overgaard The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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hospitals and regulatory bodies and so on. The impact of registers may be evaluated by measuring the influence on mortality, quality of care including patient safety (complications) and effectiveness (adherence to clinical guidelines), healthcare utilization

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Valentina Viglione Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 1 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Angelo Boffa Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Davide Previtali Department of Surgery, EOC, Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lugano, Switzerland

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Francesca Vannini Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 1 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Cesare Faldini Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 1 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Giuseppe Filardo Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Department of Surgery, EOC, Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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of follow-up, publication year, type of experimental treatment, and improvement in the experimental group. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool ( 15 ), while the

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Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Anko Elijah Essien Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Masoud Rahmati Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

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Michael Opoku Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Dong Keon Yon Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Guillermo F López Sánchez Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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Ai Koyanagi Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain

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Lee Smith Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK

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Jae Il Shin Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Wenfeng Xiao Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Shuguang Liu Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Yusheng Li Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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research gap, our study considered several objectives: first, to evaluate teriparatide’s impact on BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and notably, the radial bone, identify site-specific effects, and assess its broader therapeutic potential; secondly

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Mara Meyer Günderoth Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany

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Alexandra Bannach-Brown Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany

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Tobias Winkler Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany

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Johannes Keller Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Robert Karl Zahn Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany

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Tazio Maleitzke Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
Trauma Orthopaedic Research Copenhagen Hvidovre (TORCH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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study quality of each included study. In case of discrepancies, consensus was reached by discussion with a third reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal intervention studies ( 38 ). Every domain was examined

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Christoph H. Lohmann Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Sanjiv Rampal Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Martin Lohrengel Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Gurpal Singh Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, University Orthopaedics Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore

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evaluating implant osseo-integration and discuss the role of the various imaging modalities in the evaluation of septic loosening and aseptic loosening. A particular focus will be on adverse tissue reactions. Finally, specific features when imaging big joints

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