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Andy Craig Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

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S W King Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

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B H van Duren Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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V T Veysi Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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S Jain Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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J Palan Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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similar eradication rates following periods of 6 weeks post-operative antibiotic therapy or less, compared to longer periods following DAIR (Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention) and single-stage revision arthroplasty ( 26 , 27 , 28 ). The

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Corentin Pangaud Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France

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Matthieu Ollivier Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France

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Jean-Noël Argenson Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France

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articulating The rate of eradication of infection The functional knee score: KSS, OKS, HSS The range of motion after the whole procedure Results Thirty-two original articles describing the management of periprosthetic joint

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Fabio D’Angelo Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ASST Sette Laghi, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Luca Monestier Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy

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Luigi Zagra IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Hip Department, Milan, Italy

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when satisfactory infection control has been achieved: wound healing and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate/C-reactive protein level measured at three consecutive follow-up visits indicate eradication of infection. 4 , 6 , 12 , 16 , 21 , 24

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Michael de Buys Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Krisantha Moodley Emergency Department, ER Consulting, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Josip Nenad Cakic Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Life Fourways Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Jurek R T Pietrzak Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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side effects and potential drug–drug interactions ( 17 , 20 , 21 ). Scheper et al. (2021) in a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the addition of rifampicin was associated with a 10% increase in the success rate of PJI eradication. In

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Nicolas Bonnevialle Orthopaedic Department and Biomechanics Department, IMFT CNRS URM 5502, Riquet Hospital, University Centre, Place Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France

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Florence Dauzères Orthopaedic Department, Riquet Hospital, University Centre, Place Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France

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Julien Toulemonde Orthopaedic Department, Riquet Hospital, University Centre, Place Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France

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Fanny Elia Orthopaedic Department, Riquet Hospital, University Centre, Place Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France

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Jean-Michel Laffosse Orthopaedic Department, CRIOAC and Biomechanics Department, IMFT CNRS, Riquet Hospital, University Centre, Place Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France

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Pierre Mansat Orthopaedic Department and Biomechanics Department, IMFT CNRS URM 5502, Riquet Hospital, University Centre, Place Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France

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prostheses could partly explain these findings. Despite Jacquot 21 and Coste’s 27 studies, the literature reports a high rate of infection eradication, reaching more than 90% of cases. 9 , 27 , 29 , 32 , 44 , 45 Fig. 2 Radiographs (a and b

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Theofilos Karachalios Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece

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George A. Komnos Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece

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and re-implantation of a new prosthesis. 35 Numerous studies have reported that two-stage revision with the use of antibiotic spacers can result in infection eradication rates at the level of 80–95%, and the use of articulating spacers improves

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Razvan Ene Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania

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Mihai Nica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Dragos Ene Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Catalin Cirstoiu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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adjunctive OsteoSet-T® with only local debridement and another included multiple biomaterials for antibiotic delivery used for treating osteomyelitis. All publications reported good rates of eradication, ranging from 80% to 100%, complete or almost

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Philip F. Dobson Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK

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Michael R. Reed Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK

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hip, 6993 knee) performed in our unit showed that PJI MSSA rate was 0.75% prior to screening, which reduced to 0.25% with introduction of screening and implantation of this eradication strategy (p < 0.0001). The overall PJI rate fell from 1.92% to 1

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Ismail Remzi Tözün Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Vahit Emre Ozden Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Goksel Dikmen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Kayahan Karaytuğ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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treatment suppresses but does not eradicate the infection with a higher re-infection rate. 37 The efficiency of antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads and other non-biological or bio-absorbable antibiotic carriers (e.g. calcium sulphate

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Congcong He Department of Psychology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yong Zhao Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Guangyong Yang Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hainan Hong Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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et al. reported that two-stage arthroplasty obtains satisfactory eradication rates in patients with SA ( 29 ). Anagnostakos et al. found that although the rate of infection eradication with two-stage arthroplasty was 87%, the mortality rate was as

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