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Benedikt Johannes Braun Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Jörg Holstein Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Tobias Fritz Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Nils Thomas Veith Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Steven Herath Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Philipp Mörsdorf Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Tim Pohlemann Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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the European Union is expected to remain below the natural population replacement rate in the coming years, thus further increasing the problem. 1 Complicating this demographic development is the increased morbidity and mortality in elderly

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Michael J Raschke Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany

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Sabine Ochman Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany

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Alexander Milstrey Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany

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of 40 and 70 years ( 1 ). With the demographic changes, the relevance of ankle fractures particularly in the elderly will increase. However, there are several differences regarding the diagnostics, fracture pattern and the treatment strategies when

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Toni Luokkala Department of Orthopaedics, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland

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Minna K. Laitinen Department of Orthopaedics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Teemu P. Hevonkorpi Department of Orthopaedics, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

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Lauri Raittio Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

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Ville M. Mattila Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland

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Antti P. Launonen Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland

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is higher in elderly DRF patients, and can therefore be considered to be a substantial risk factor for both men and women. 6 In countries with snow, there have also been reports of the significant seasonal variations in fracture rates. In winter

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ‘ATTIKON’ University General Hospital, Athens, Hellenic Republic, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mediterraneo Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Angelos Kaspiris Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/ Sector for Bone Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece

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Leon Naar First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ‘ATTIKON’ University General Hospital, Athens, Hellenic Republic, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ‘ATTIKON’ University General Hospital, Athens, Hellenic Republic, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ‘ATTIKON’ University General Hospital, Athens, Hellenic Republic, Greece

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Introduction Fractures of the olecranon account for about 10% of upper extremity fractures, 1 , 2 with the majority occurring in elderly patients. 1 , 3 Usually these fractures are displaced (Mayo type II and III), 4 due to

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Mabua A. Chuene Arthroplasty Unit, CMJAH, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Jurek R.T. Pietrzak Arthroplasty Unit, CMJAH, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Allan R. Sekeitto Arthroplasty Unit, CMJAH, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Lipalo Mokete Arthroplasty Unit, CMJAH, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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between 4.5 and 6.3 million by 2050. 5 The mortality rate in hip fractures in the elderly is approximately 10% over the first month and 33% within the first year. 1 , 4 , 6 , 7 Peri-operative complications including gastrointestinal bleeding are

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Thomas Tampere Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

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Matthieu Ollivier Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, St. Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France

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Christophe Jacquet Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, St. Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France

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Maxime Fabre-Aubrespy Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, St. Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France

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Sébastien Parratte Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, St. Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International Knee and Joint Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE

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Treatment of complex epiphyseal fractures is multifaceted and challenging. Today, especially in young patients, the first choice of treatment remains open reduction and internal fixation. Management of these fractures in the osteoporotic elderly is more

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Ting-Yu Tu Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Chun-Yu Chen Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Department of Occupational Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Pei-Chin Lin Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Chih-Yang Hsu Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Kai-Cheng Lin Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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challenging due to osteoporotic bone which may hinder stable osteosynthesis and is therefore associated with a poor outcome in elderly patients ( 4 ). In the elderly, 17%–30.4% require delayed total hip arthroplasty (THA) after open reduction and internal

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Stefan Rammelt University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

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Both the incidence and severity of ankle fractures in elderly patients with considerable comorbidity is rising steadily in most European countries. 1 The patients are predominately women with considerable comorbidities including

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Markus A. Küper BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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Alexander Trulson BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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Fabian M. Stuby BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Surgery, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany

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Ulrich Stöckle BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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seventh and eighth decades. However, the incidence of pelvic ring fractures rises with increasing age. The immobilization associated with pelvic ring fractures has severe side effects, especially for the elderly, so the main focus within the treatment of

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Julia Riemenschneider Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

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Jan Tilmann Vollrath Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

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Nils Mühlenfeld Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

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Johannes Frank Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

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Ingo Marzi Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

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Maren Janko Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

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Acetabular fracture treatment needs in the elderly and nonagenarians Relevance of acetabular fractures in the elderly Acetabular fractures are relevant injuries not only in young patients, but also in adults and the elderly population

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