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Abdus S. Burahee The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew D. Sanders The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Colin Shirley The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Dominic M. Power The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Introduction Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) describes dysfunction of the ulnar nerve (UN) in the region of the elbow. It is the second most common compression neuropathy in the upper extremity, with 25 male and 19 female new cases per 100

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Inmaculada Moracia-Ochagavía Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Introduction Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS), first defined in 1962 by Keck 1 and Lam 2 , is a compressive peripheral neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve and its branches within the tarsal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum. 3 , 4 The

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Paulo Diogo Cunha Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Tiago P Barbosa Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Guilherme Correia Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Rafaela Silva Anesthesiology Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Nuno Cruz Oliveira Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Pedro Varanda Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal
Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal

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Bruno Direito-Santos Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal
Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal

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an exaggerated neck extension ( 12 , 15 ). Of all neuropathies, ulnar nerve and brachial plexus injuries are the most common and the main mechanisms are compression and stretching. Ulnar nerve neuropathy is the most common nerve injury in the

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Abdus S. Burahee The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew D. Sanders The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Dominic M. Power The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Introduction Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common compression neuropathy and affects the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Surgery is to be considered when conservative options have failed, when there is poor symptom control or

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Nikolaos Gougoulias Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, UK

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Hesham Oshba Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, UK

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Apostolos Dimitroulias Jacobi Medical Center – Trauma Unit – Bronx, New York, USA

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Anthony Sakellariou Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, UK

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Alexander Wee Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, UK

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presence of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, internal organ disease), versus ‘uncomplicated’ diabetes, needs to be made. DM, characterized by hyperglycaemia, is a metabolic disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations, depending

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Marko Bumbasirevic Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia

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Tomislav Palibrk Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia

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Aleksandar Lesic Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia

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Henry DE Atkinson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College, London Medical School, North Middlesex University Hospital, UK

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muscle. 29 , 30 Symptoms are usually immediately apparent following the injection. Compression neuropathies Compression neuropathies are characterised by the location at which the nerve is placed under pressure. One of the well-known entities

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Frantzeska Zampeli First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 417 Veterans Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Aggelos Kaspiris Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Thriasio General Hospital-NHS, Athens, Greece

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Savas Sourmelis First Department of Orthopaedics, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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neuropathies, mechanical failure and wound dehiscence. 11 Other authors have suggested that in patients older than 65 years, who have sustained a highly comminuted type C fracture, with low bone quality due to osteoporosis, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA

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Raul Barco Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain

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Samuel A. Antuña Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain

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failure can be a gradual process. 4 Medial elbow pain can be caused by ulnar nerve problems, which can include neuropathy and neuritis with or without nerve dislocation. The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MABCN) has also been reported to be a

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Elena Bravo Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Raul Barco Upper Limb Unit, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Haemophilia Orthopedic Unit, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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followed to avoid potential complications such as compression neuropathies or muscular contractures. 42 Pseudoaneurysms and true aneurysms Palmar digital artery aneurysms, like all other aneurysms, are classified into two broad categories, true

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Frédéric Vauclair Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Patrick Goetti Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Ngoc Tram V. Nguyen Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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instability. Severe bone loss may lead to a flail elbow. In addition, there may be an associated ulnar neuropathy. Careful questioning should be directed to understanding the mechanism of injury for the index fracture (high-energy fractures and severe

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