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. The main adult sagittal plane deformities consist of claw toes, hammer toes and mallet toes ( Fig. 2 ). Axial plane deformities include crossover toes. These deformities have been variously defined in the literature, perhaps in part because the
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orthopaedic surgeons to hold the reduction of the osteotomy in hallux valgus, hammer toe, claw toe, metatarsalgia and digitus quintus varus deformities. Due to their similarity with conventional titanium screws and larger diameter, bioabsorbable screws made
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forefoot. Fig. 1 a and b) Rigid cavus foot with severe plantarflexed forefoot and claw toes. The posterior cavus or calcaneocavus is characterised by an isolated high calcaneal pitch of greater than 30° related to a weakness of the
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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. In severe cases, the first and fifth metatarsal bones may appear as skin ulcers due to long-term wear ( 5 ). When the child has claw toe deformity due to friction with the shoe, the back of the toe may also appear callose or have skin ulcers. Children
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intermetatarsal/perineural bursitis), and the patient will have very often noticed this gradually developing, in association with symptoms becoming apparent. Lesser toe deformities (e.g. clawed, or hammer toes) are often the result of chronic degeneration and
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foot. Plantar fascial release may have some effect on releasing the retracted foot intrinsic muscle, helping to decrease the longitudinal arch of the foot, but when a claw toe deformity is present, fascial release may be contraindicated. 7 The next
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, which will culminate in a limitation of foot mobility and an abnormal walking pattern. Common diabetic foot deformities are claw toes (metatarsophalangeal joint hyperextension with interphalangeal flexion), hammer toes (distal phalangeal extension
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limit the development of a secondary claw toe. It is generally recommended to resect the sesamoid bones and, if possible, to keep more plantar skin. Partial longitudinal amputation usually gives good functional results thanks to an adapted shoe fitted
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. In addition, the limb should be checked for pathological disorders unrelated to the fracture that may indicate a neurological disorder, like dry, scalding skin, claw toes, subtle cavus and, above all, loss of protective sensation in the sole of the
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perioperative setting. Signs and symptoms can range from loss of sensation in the fourth and fifth fingers and weakness in the opposition and abduction of the fifth finger to a claw-like hand due to atrophy of the intrinsic muscles ( 5 , 22 , 23 ). Forearm
