account for 55% to 80% of total elbow fractures in children and up to two-thirds of paediatric elbow injuries requiring hospitalization. 2 Supracondylar fractures usually occur as result of a fall from height or from sports or leisure. Their incidence
Alfonso Vaquero-Picado, Gaspar González-Morán, and Luis Moraleda
Ignacio Sanpera, Sandra Villafranca-Solano, Carmen Muñoz-Lopez, and Julia Sanpera-Iglesias
with the adding of phenotype and genetic cause. Types 1, 2, and 3 are seen in children. The most common type, 1A, exhibits spotty nerve myelodegeneration, the second commonest form is the X-linked form. The condition is often progressive 9 and the
Benjamín Cancino, Matías Sepúlveda, and Estefanía Birrer
developmental stage of the ankle’s anatomy and the extent of physeal closure are of particular relevance. Children aged < 10 years tend to exhibit a compression pattern and metaphyseal arching ( Fig. 8 ), and those aged approximately 10 years tend to exhibit
Ajay Puri
fourth to the sixth decades of life. 1 , 2 Incidence Chondrosarcomas are very uncommon in children and adolescents and there are very few studies that specifically discuss extremity chondrosarcomas in young patients. 3 – 7 A nationwide
Matías Sepúlveda, Cecilia Téllez, Víctor Villablanca, and Estefanía Birrer
femoral fractures in children. Regarding physeal fractures of the distal femur, these correspond to 1.2% of all physeal fractures in children ( 14 ), and 7% of all physeal fractures of the lower limb ( 15 ). The average age of presentation in girls and
Stéphane Armand, Geraldo Decoulon, and Alice Bonnefoy-Mazure
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of motor disability among children in Europe representing 700 000 citizens. 1 The prevalence of CP in Europe has been stable over the last 30 years, and ranges between 1.5 and 3
Hakan Ömeroğlu and Manuel Cassiano Neves
Introduction Trauma in children has been increasing in the last decades. According to Landin, fractures constitute 10–25% of all injuries in children. 1 About 2% of children sustain at least one fracture each year. 2 In 1955, Walter
Alpaslan Senkoylu, Rolf B. Riise, Emre Acaroglu, and Ilkka Helenius
complications, EOS is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires early intervention to prevent severe deformity and pulmonary compromise. There are many debatable points and diverse approaches to scoliosis in young children. However, we will focus on
Carol C. Hasler and Daniel Studer
Epidemiology and history Patellar instabilities account for the most prevalent knee problems during growth. The overall incidence is around 50 in 100 000 children and adolescents per year with a peak at the age of 15 years. 1 , 2 Most
Ignacio Rodriguez, Matías Sepúlveda, Estefanía Birrer, and María Jesús Tuca
application, 22 , 23 or in very young children. Fig. 12 Suggested treatment algorithm for tibial tuberosity fracture. Regardless of the system used to classify the fracture pattern, if an adequate reduction is not achieved, surgical