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evidence regarding postoperative treatment after cervical and lumbar spine surgery and make recommendations regarding postoperative mobilization and rehabilitation. Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed on the most recent evidence
These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
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These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
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to identify the 100 most-cited articles focusing on ACS. The search strategy combined the following terms: “anterior cervical”, “anterior cervical surgery”, “anterior cervical spine surgery”, “anterior cervical approach”, or “cervical disc”. Only
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anatomical features, surgical techniques and important considerations for endoscopic approaches to the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, citing relevant literature and evidence supporting surgery in each area. Key literature was identified from PubMed and
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of SSIs. Therefore, we conducted a subgroup analysis based on the surgery area (cervical spine, thoracic spine, and lumbar spine) as the included studies did not provide enough information about thoracic spine surgery, and as most of the thoracic
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has become an essential procedure in spine surgery ( 5 ). Rajaee et al. ( 6 ) revealed that with the widespread application of pedicle screws, the number of spinal fusions has also increased dramatically by 2.4 times annually from 1998 to 2008
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interval of at least 3 months; if the lesion sites are three levels apart from each other, multi-staged surgery ought to be initialised from the most myelopathic site, if it exists, or from the cervical spine ( Fig. 2 ). In addition to the predominant
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Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, UK
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. Practice management guidelines for identification of cervical spine injuries following trauma: update from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Practice Management Guidelines Committee . J Trauma 2009 ; 67 : 651 – 659 . 10
Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Universidad Andrés Bello, Hospital del Trabajador, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
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Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Teodoro Álvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Spine Unit, Department of Traumatology, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
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Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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compared with plain radiographs with adjunct computed tomography to evaluate the cervical spine after high-energy trauma . Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2005 87 2388 – 2394 . ( https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.E.00208 ) 15 Widder S Doig C Burrowes
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Introduction Epidemiology, injury mechanisms and patho-biomechanics Cervical spine injuries are found in about 2% to 3% of all blunt trauma victims. 1 - 3 Between 19% and 51% of all spinal injuries are located in the cervical spine
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Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal
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Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal
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lateral position ( 6 ). This article aims to describe the common positions in spine surgery, providing the details required to avoid positioning complications. Supine position Supine position in cervical spine surgery (pathologies and position