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length of 22 cm (normal length at the age of ten years) to obtain normal lung volume at maturity. 5 Indications for interventions EOS can be treated with serial casting, bracing or surgery (see Fig. 3 ). Casting is indicated for progressive
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, including bracing and serial casting, and surgical methods, including distraction-based, guided-growth and compression-based techniques. 5 Distraction-based techniques which are traditional/magnetically controlled growing rods and vertical expandable
University of Brighton, UK
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Brighton and Sussex Medical Schools, UK
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optimum results in acute Charcot foot as early immobilization and off-loading can arrest the disease progression. Total contact casting (TCC) remains the preferred treatment modality although a range of orthotic, restricted weight bearing and
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reduction and casting of these fractures is becoming less popular because of the excessive flexion of the elbow beyond 90° needed to maintain reduction, which increases the risk of compartment syndrome and neurovascular injuries. 9 , 21 - 23 Regarding
St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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manipulation and casting according to the Ponseti method. 1 , 5 , 6 Primary correction rates are very high, 7 – 9 and this method is superior to surgical first-line management. 10 , 11 While the Ponseti method provides predictable correction
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( 25 , 33 ). Growth-friendly alternatives comprise both non-surgical and surgical techniques. Non-surgical techniques include serial casting and bracing. Surgical procedures required the development of growth-friendly implants not previously known. In
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% and 11%, respectively – Rate of forearm fracture surgery increased by 62% – Rate of closed reduction and casting did not change significantly Patient Database of one centre in Norway, between 2004 and 2007 17 < 16 years, hospitalized for
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prospective randomized controlled studies and 1237 patients provides equal results for conservative and surgical treatment in ankle fractures ( 21 ). A randomized controlled trial comparing closed contact casting to ORIF in unstable ankle fractures in 593
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, symptomatic VTE and all-cause mortality more than GCS. 80 However, a third study reported that VTE prophylaxis with LMWH for eight days after knee arthroscopy or during the full period of immobilization due to casting or bracing was not effective for the
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options include: immobilization (casting, bracing, splinting, unloader brace); limited weight-bearing; and activity restriction. There is controversy regarding the duration and timing of these interventions. The AAOS guidelines were unable to recommend any
