Anatomy, function and epidemiology The close anatomical and functional relationship of menisci and articular cartilage, in many parts very similar organs, starts during their embryological development. Both articular cartilage and menisci
Sebastian Kopf, Manuel-Paul Sava, Christian Stärke, and Roland Becker
Mukai Chimutengwende-Gordon, James Donaldson, and George Bentley
Introduction Articular cartilage is a highly specialized connective tissue that provides a smooth, lubricated, friction-reducing surface. 1 Histologically, articular cartilage is ‘hyaline’ and consists of a dense extracellular matrix with
Xiaofeng Deng, Haoran Xu, Xiaoxia Hao, Jiawei Liu, Xingru Shang, and Tao Xu
Introduction The main pathological changes of osteoarthritis (OA) are related to cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone thickening, synovitis, and structural lesions of the joint capsules, ligaments, and associated muscles ( 1 , 2 ). The
Fabian Krause and Helen Anwander
Introduction Over 60% of the talus is covered with cartilage. Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) describes damage to the talar cartilage including pathological changes in the underlying bone. In 1870, Paget ( 1 ) first described loose
Javier Masquijo and Alpesh Kothari
an inflammation of the bone cartilage interface. 1 The most commonly affected joint is the knee, followed by the ankle, elbow, shoulder and hip. The juvenile form of the disease (JOCD) presents in those aged five to 16 years with open growth
Simon Donell
Introduction Subchondral bone is the bedrock of a joint on which sits the articular cartilage. Traditionally, osteoarthritis (OA) has been considered to be wear and tear of articular cartilage, but more recent evidence has shown that
Gerardo Fusco, Francesco M. Gambaro, Berardo Di Matteo, and Elizaveta Kon
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with a tendency to worsen over time, characterized by articular cartilage degradation, subchondral damage, and bone remodelling, most commonly affecting weight-bearing joints such as
Mohammad Shahid and Rik Kundra
disease of synovial joints resulting in the progressive loss of articular cartilage. The aetiology can be primary (intrinsic defect) or secondary (trauma, infection). It starts with a loss of the weight-bearing articular cartilage surface followed by
Cécile Batailler and Philippe Neyret
Introduction Recurrent patellar instability is a disabling condition that can lead to articular cartilage injuries, osteochondral fractures, pain, decreased activity and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA). The average annual incidence of
Maurilio Marcacci, Luca Andriolo, Elizaveta Kon, Nogah Shabshin, and Giuseppe Filardo
pathologies including traumatic contusion and fractures, post-cartilage surgery imaging alterations, osteoarthritis (OA), transient BML syndromes, spontaneous insufficiency fractures (SIFK) and true osteonecrosis (ON). These pathologic patterns present
