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Stijn E. W. Geraets Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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P. Koen Bos Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Johan van der Stok Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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However, there is no consensus in the guidelines or literature as to which types of long bone metastasis benefit from preoperative embolization in order to reduce blood loss. The primary aim of this systematic review was to identify long bone metastases

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Catalin Cirstoiu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Cretu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Sergiu Iordache Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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bone metastases are in the breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and thyroid. The evolution of a bone metastasis depends on the affected bone type and its location. The most common sites of bone metastases are the spine, proximal femur, pelvis, ribs, and

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Miklós Szendrői Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Imre Antal Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Attila Szendrői Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Áron Lazáry National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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Péter Pál Varga National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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study, 19 age, gender, method of surgical fixation and location in different long bones did not play a significant role. The highest ratio of solitary metastases, 38.8%, was observed in the Scandinavian Skeletal Metastasis Registry (n = 1195

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Sakae Tanaka Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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of cancer, infection, cardiovascular disease, delayed fracture healing, hypocalcaemia, or osteonecrosis of the jaw. In addition to its anti-osteoporotic function, denosumab prevents skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastasis from solid

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Julie J. Willeumier Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Yvette M. van der Linden Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Michiel A.J. van de Sande Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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P.D. Sander Dijkstra Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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for an impending fracture, and an intramedullary nail with cement in the lesion or a DF-MTP should be considered. Fig. 6 Patient with solitary bone metastasis from non small cell lung carcinoma (diagnosed and treated 4.5 years ago). Metastasis of

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 417 Veterans Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Ioannis Papanastasiou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Thomas Sarlikiotis First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Aggelos Kaspiris Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/ Sector for Bone Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Introduction Bone tumours around the elbow are rare and their incidence is approximately 1%. 1 The literature regarding primary bone tumours of the elbow is sparse, with only two case series consisting of 75 patients and 25 patients

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Elisa Pala Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Alberto Procura Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Giulia Trovarelli Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Antonio Berizzi Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Pietro Ruggieri Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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parameters to consider when approaching a patient with bone metastasis, such as age, performance status, number and site of metastases, the free interval of disease, histotypes of the primary tumor, and expected survival ( 2 , 3 ). The treatment of long bone

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G. Ulrich Exner Orthopaedie Zentrum Zuerich (ozz), Seestrasse 259, CH 8038 Zurich, Switzerland

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Michael O. Kurrer Gemeinschaftspraxis fuer Pathologie, Caecilienstrasse 3, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland

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Nadja Mamisch-Saupe Klinik Hirslanden, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland

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Stephen R. Cannon BMI The Clementine Churchill Hospital, Sudbury Hill, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3RX, Great Britain

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: Does the lesion have its origin in the bone (primary bone tumour) or is it a metastasis? Could the lesion be an expression of an underlying metabolic disease (Brown tumour caused by hyperparathyroidism) or could the process itself be causing a

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Olga Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
These authors contributed equally to this manuscript

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Olympia Papakonstantinou Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
These authors contributed equally to this manuscript

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Eleftheria Lakiotaki First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
These authors contributed equally to this manuscript

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Ioannis Zafeiris First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Dimitra Melissaridou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Pinelopi Korkolopoulou First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
Co-senior authors

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, 17 medullary involvement 17 , 36 or lung metastasis. 11 The prognosis of PAO is better compared to other surface bone sarcomas and conventional osteosarcoma, with metastasis and recurrence occurring in rare cases. 10 , 38 Periosteal

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Ajay Puri Department of Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, HBNI, Mumbai

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imaging (MRI) of the involved region, computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest and a bone scan. Considering the extreme rarity of isolated skeletal metastasis in chondrosarcoma, recent studies have questioned the need for a bone scan in all

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