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, vitamin K antagonists, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), low dose unfractionated heparin and aspirin are valid options for thromboprophylaxis, with a preference for LMWH. 8 The 2011 guideline by the American Academy of Orthopaedic
Faculty of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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2018 recommended giving low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) followed by aspirin or LMWH combined with stockings in patients undergoing THR. Meanwhile, the recommendation for patients undergoing TKR was aspirin or LMWH ( 7 ). The American College of
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pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis include aspirin, unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), adjusted dose vitamin K antagonists (VKA), synthetic pentasaccharid factor Xa inhibitor (fondaparinux) and newer oral anticoagulants. Aspirin
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take oral platelet inhibitors (aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel) or oral vitamin K antagonists (warfarin, acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon) or newer oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban). In this instructional lecture
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. 3 German studies demonstrate that around 15% receive phenprocoumon and over 50% are on aspirin. 4 , 5 With timing of hip fracture surgery playing an important role in reducing morbidity and mortality, adequately managing coagulopathy in this
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fracture and were under any anticoagulation therapy (warfarin, aspirin, dipyridamole, clopidogrel) with a control group and only in the English language. Exclusion criteria included manuscripts that did not compare any patient group and did not describe any
Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Aspirin Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase enzyme in the prostaglandin synthesis pathway. ACS, CVD, PVD, analgesia Oral/rectal 30-40 min Hepatic Thienopyridines Selectively inhibit the ADP-induced platelet aggregation Oral
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-pharmacological (hydration, early mobilization, calf compression with stockings or an intermittent pneumatic compression device (IPCD)) and pharmacological means of prophylaxis (such as aspirin or anticoagulant drug). 46 , 47 The choice of which combination to use is
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, enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin), fondaparinux, rivaroxaban and aspirin to mitigate the risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE). 4 , 31 Each of the agents have different mechanisms of actions, dosages and routes of administration, with negative
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smoking, history of peptic ulcer and chronic use of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 1 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 15 , 16 Aspirin and NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 with subsequent decrease in prostaglandin production. 16
