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Junbo He Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors

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Tingkui Wu Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors

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Chen Ding Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Beiyu Wang Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Ying Hong West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/ Department of Anesthesia and Operation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Hao Liu Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Introduction Anterior cervical surgery (ACS) is one of the most commonly used cervical surgical approaches. 1 It has been widely applied as a standard procedure for various cervical degenerative, traumatic, neoplastic, vascular, and

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Scott D. Middleton Scott D. Middleton, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Ralf Wagner Ralf Wagner, Ligamenta Spine Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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J. N. Alastair Gibson J. N. Alastair Gibson, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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, Riew KD . Adjacent segment disease following cervical spine surgery . J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2013 ; 21 : 3 - 11 . 14 Ruetten S , Komp M , Merk H , Godolias G . Full-endoscopic anterior decompression

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Philipp Schleicher Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Andreas Pingel Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Frank Kandziora Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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anteroposterior translation; 2) rotatory subluxation with an anterior shift of 3 mm to 5 mm; 3) rotatory subluxation with an anterior shift of more than 5 mm; 4) rotatory subluxation with a posterior shift. Treatment options: surgical Occipito-cervical

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Tiago P Barbosa Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Ana Rita Raposo Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Paulo Diogo Cunha Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Nuno Cruz Oliveira Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Armanda Lobarinhas Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Pedro Varanda Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Bruno Direito-Santos Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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spine, followed by cervical disc arthroplasty and posterior and anterior cervical foraminotomy ( 11 , 16 , 22 ). The effectiveness of cervical spine surgery on radicular pain is moderate to good, but the effects on neck function are less clear ( 4

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Juan Ignacio Cirillo Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile
Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Universidad Andrés Bello, Hospital del Trabajador, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile

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Guillermo A Ricciardi Centro Médico Integral Fitz Roy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Teodoro Álvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Facundo Lisandro Alvarez Lemos Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile

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Alfredo Guiroy Elite Spine Health and Wellness Center, Florida, USA

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Ratko Yurac Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, University del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Spine Unit, Department of Traumatology, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile

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Klaus Schnake Center for Spinal and Scoliosis Surgery, Malteser Waldrankenhaus St. Marien, Erlangen, Germany
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany

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AO Spine Latin America Trauma Study Group
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AO Spine Latin America Trauma Study Group

yet ( 20 ). Halliday et al. estimated the value of the cervical magnetic resonance to predict mechanical instability through the assessment of the integrity of structures such as the joint capsule, the interspinous ligament, and the anterior and

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Paulo Diogo Cunha Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Tiago P Barbosa Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Guilherme Correia Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Rafaela Silva Anesthesiology Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Nuno Cruz Oliveira Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Pedro Varanda Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal
Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal

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Bruno Direito-Santos Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal
Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal

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padding of pressure points ( 1 ). It is important to pay special attention to head, neck and upper limbs position, as well as to pressure points at the elbow, shoulder, knees and ankles. In anterior cervical surgery, the head and the neck of the

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Qiushi Bai Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Yuanyi Wang Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China

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Jiliang Zhai Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Jigong Wu Chinese People’s Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China

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Yan Zhang Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Yu Zhao Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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in 32% (symptomatic 13%, asymptomatic 19%) Tsutsumimoto et al. (26)  Retrospective study Patients who had undergone cervical surgery for CSM 297 M:201; F: 96 65.6 (27–93) CLTSS in 57.9% (15% underwent a lumbar operation) Yamada

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Mirza Biscevic Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Aida Sehic Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring, SMS, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Ferid Krupic Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden

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charges and length of hospitalization were not affected by IONM. 45 IONM is also utilized for other spine surgery indications: tethered cord, injured spinal cord, intramedullary tumours, extramedullary tumours, minimally-invasive surgery, cervical

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Tianping Zhou Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China

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Yihong Xu Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China

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Aiai Zhang Department of Burn Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China

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Lan Zhou School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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Qing Zhang Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China

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Zhou Ji Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China

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Weidong Xu Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.China

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anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgeries performed annually has increased to over 100 000 and continues to increase ( 2 ). However, despite great progress made in ACLR research, many controversies and problems still remain ( 3 ). No clear

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Wai Weng Yoon Spinal Surgery Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Jonathan Koch Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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patients with non-operative management of cervical radiculopathy. 9 There are no clearly recognized indications for surgery in patients with CDH with radiculopathy. 5 Concerning signs or symptoms that might merit early surgical intervention

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