These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
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These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
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Introduction Anterior cervical surgery (ACS) is one of the most commonly used cervical surgical approaches. 1 It has been widely applied as a standard procedure for various cervical degenerative, traumatic, neoplastic, vascular, and
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, Riew KD . Adjacent segment disease following cervical spine surgery . J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2013 ; 21 : 3 - 11 . 14 Ruetten S , Komp M , Merk H , Godolias G . Full-endoscopic anterior decompression
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anteroposterior translation; 2) rotatory subluxation with an anterior shift of 3 mm to 5 mm; 3) rotatory subluxation with an anterior shift of more than 5 mm; 4) rotatory subluxation with a posterior shift. Treatment options: surgical Occipito-cervical
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spine, followed by cervical disc arthroplasty and posterior and anterior cervical foraminotomy ( 11 , 16 , 22 ). The effectiveness of cervical spine surgery on radicular pain is moderate to good, but the effects on neck function are less clear ( 4
Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Universidad Andrés Bello, Hospital del Trabajador, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
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Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Teodoro Álvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Spine Unit, Department of Traumatology, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
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Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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yet ( 20 ). Halliday et al. estimated the value of the cervical magnetic resonance to predict mechanical instability through the assessment of the integrity of structures such as the joint capsule, the interspinous ligament, and the anterior and
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Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal
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Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal
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padding of pressure points ( 1 ). It is important to pay special attention to head, neck and upper limbs position, as well as to pressure points at the elbow, shoulder, knees and ankles. In anterior cervical surgery, the head and the neck of the
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in 32% (symptomatic 13%, asymptomatic 19%) Tsutsumimoto et al. (26) Retrospective study Patients who had undergone cervical surgery for CSM 297 M:201; F: 96 65.6 (27–93) CLTSS in 57.9% (15% underwent a lumbar operation) Yamada
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charges and length of hospitalization were not affected by IONM. 45 IONM is also utilized for other spine surgery indications: tethered cord, injured spinal cord, intramedullary tumours, extramedullary tumours, minimally-invasive surgery, cervical
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anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgeries performed annually has increased to over 100 000 and continues to increase ( 2 ). However, despite great progress made in ACLR research, many controversies and problems still remain ( 3 ). No clear
Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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patients with non-operative management of cervical radiculopathy. 9 There are no clearly recognized indications for surgery in patients with CDH with radiculopathy. 5 Concerning signs or symptoms that might merit early surgical intervention