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Sylvain Steinmetz Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Anne-Laure Rougemont Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Robin Peter Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Introduction Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare disease that can affect any joint, bursa or tendon sheath. It is characterised by a villous or nodular hyperplasia of the synovium. It was first described in 1852 by Chassaignac

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Sohrab Keyhani Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Movahedinia Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Arash Sherafat Vaziri Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mehran Soleymanha Orthopedic Surgery, Poursina Hospital Orthopaedic Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

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Fardis Vosoughi Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Tahami Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

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Robert F LaPrade Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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some problems such as posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears or avulsion and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) in the posterior compartment of the knee. Morgan first reported posterior knee arthroscopy to repair posterolateral and posteromedial

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Maria Beatriz Quaresma Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

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José Portela Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

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Joaquim Soares do Brito Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

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Introduction Tenosynovial giant-cell tumour (TGCT) has been previously known as a giant-cell tumour of the tendon sheath or pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), and can also be called a xanthogranuloma, a benign synovioma, or a fibrous

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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synovitis (PVNS), also called tenosynovial giant cell tumour. PVNS is a relatively rare proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane that causes inflammation and deposition of hemosiderin in the synovial membrane. There is a localised form (a lobular

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mediterraneo Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Ioanna K. Bolia First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Angelos Kaspiris Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/Sector for Bone Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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giant cell tumour (TGCT) or pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). As a term, PVNS is no longer used by the World Health Organization. 20 The tumour can be localized or diffuse and is rarely malignant. 21 TGCT is associated with

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Hagen Fritzsche University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Anne Weidlich University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Klaus-Dieter Schaser University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Elisabeth Mehnert University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Doreen Winkler University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Stefan Rammelt University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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) only, and recurrence rates are considerably lower than at the hand ( 34 ). Diffuse-type TGCT The diffuse form of TGCT (diffuse-type TGCT), previously referred to as pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), is a relatively frequent, locally

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