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Ilkka J. Helenius Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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  • Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is defined as a spinal deformity occurring before the age of ten years.

  • Untreated EOS or early spinal fusion resulting in a short spine is associated with increased mortality and cardiopulmonary compromise.

  • EOS may progress rapidly, and therefore prompt clinical diagnosis and referral to a paediatric orthopaedic or spine unit is necessary.

  • Casting under general anaesthesia can be effective and may prevent or delay the need for surgery in curves of less than 60°.

  • ‘Growing’ rods (traditional or magnetically-controlled) represent the standard surgical treatment in progressive curves of 45° or greater.

  • Children with congenital scoliosis associated with fused ribs benefit from surgery with a vertical titanium prosthetic rib.

  • Surgery with growth-friendly instrumentation is associated with a high risk of complications.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170051

Open access