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an absolute indication for surgical management in tuberculosis of the spine (TB spine). 1 , 2 Over the years, a number of authors have used different working definitions for spinal instability in TB. However, no clear consensus exists to date
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the Iron Age. 5 Spinal surgery was initially developed as an effort to treat vertebral infection. The first spinal fusion was performed in 1911 by Hibbs, on a patient with spinal tuberculosis (TB) in an attempt to prevent disease progression. 6
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tuberculosis 11 , 12 which can all mimic a primary neoplasm. Perhaps the most common lesion-mimicking bone tumour or infection is a stress fracture. 13 Similarly, many sarcomata, particularly Ewing’s sarcoma, are well documented to mimic infection
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to broad-spectrum antibiotics and are especially common in immunocompromised patients. 10 Atypical mycobacteria, tuberculosis and fungi can cause chronic infections that may be difficult to recognize and can often be mistreated as gout
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, transthoracic retropleural; LA, local anaesthetic plus sedation; GA, general anaesthetic; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index: improvement %; VAS, Visual Analogue Score: decrease %; OPPL, Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament; TB, Tuberculosis; OLF
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syphilis and leprosy. 84 Tuberculosis needs to be borne in mind as a differential diagnosis for patients travelling to endemic areas. A high index of suspicion and appropriate culture of aspirate/tissue sample with imaging gives the diagnosis. An
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. Metagenomic analysis of tuberculosis in a mummy . New England Journal of Medicine 2013 369 289 – 290 . ( https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1302295 ) 38. Voelkerding KV Dames SA & Durtschi JD . Next-generation sequencing: from basic research to
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more studies were excluded. Two of the excluded studies discussed the treatment of infection after shoulder replacement and the advanced active tuberculosis of the hip ( 21 , 22 ), respectively. Papanna et al. ( 23 , 24 ) and Tan et al. ( 9 , 25
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2nd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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2nd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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infections, otitis media, gastrointestinal infections, and other infections. In one study, levofloxacin was administered as prophylaxis for tuberculosis in liver-transplanted patients ( 25 ). Other comorbidities frequently reported across the studies were
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present with acute as well as with chronic like symptoms. In addition, tuberculosis (TB) of a prosthetic joint may be present throughout the entire spectrum of presentation. In rare cases, latent TB may become manifest after invasive surgery and/or during
