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increase is labeled as a percent of adult volume. Histographic sections of alveoli at the various stages of development are also shown. (Reproduced, with permission, from Campbell RM Jr, Smith MD. Thoracic insufficiency syndrome and exotic scoliosis. J Bone
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; 97 : 1578 - 1584 . 15. Campbell RM Jr Smith MD Mayes TC . The characteristics of thoracic insufficiency syndrome associated with fused ribs and congenital scoliosis . J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2003 ; 85-A : 399
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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upper and lower limbs ( 28 ). A very important part of the evaluation of the CS patient is the assessment of thoracic insufficiency syndrome which is evaluated by the thumb excursion test. Imaging studies starts with anteroposterior (AP) and lateral