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This review summarizes the sclerotic zone's pathophysiology, characterization, formation process, and impact on femoral head necrosis.
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The sclerotic zone is a reaction interface formed during the repair of femoral head necrosis.
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Compared with normal bone tissue, the mechanical properties of the sclerotic zone are significantly enhanced.
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Many factors influence the formation of the sclerotic zone, including mechanics, bone metabolism, angiogenesis, and other biological processes.
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The sclerotic zone plays an essential role in preventing the collapse of the femoral head and can predict the risk of the collapse of the femoral head.
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Regulating the formation of the sclerotic zone of the femoral head has become a direction worthy of study in treating femoral head necrosis.
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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The stability of the glenohumeral joint depends on soft tissue stabilizers, bone morphology and dynamic stabilizers such as the rotator cuff and long head of the biceps tendon. Shoulder stabilization techniques include anatomic procedures such as repair of the labrum or restoration of bone loss, but also non-anatomic options such as remplissage or tendon transfers.
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Rotator cuff repair should restore the cuff anatomy, reattach the rotator cable and respect the coracoacromial arch whenever possible. Tendon transfer, superior capsular reconstruction or balloon implantation have been proposed for irreparable lesions.
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Shoulder rehabilitation should focus on restoring balanced glenohumeral and scapular force couples in order to avoid an upward migration of the humeral head and secondary cuff impingement. The primary goal of cuff repair is to be as anatomic as possible and to create a biomechanically favourable environment for tendon healing.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:508-518. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200006
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and classification Authors have attempted to classify glenoid fractures for both prognostic and treatment purposes. 20 It has, however, been claimed that the existing classification systems are purely descriptive with no therapeutic implications
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. 64. Pipicelli JG Chinchalkar SJ Grewal R King GJ . Therapeutic implications of the radiographic ‘drop sign’ following elbow dislocation . J Hand Ther 2012 ; 25 : 346 – 353 . 65. Hume MC
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with pes cavovarus, as is commonly done, because the diagnostic and therapeutic implications are completely different. Pes cavovarus denotes the presence of a three-dimensional deformity of the foot, but it is a descriptive feature not a diagnosis
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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B Chisari E et al. The role of Wnt pathway in the pathogenesis of OA and its potential therapeutic implications in the field of regenerative medicine . BioMed Res Int 2018 ; 2018 : 7402947 . 26. Filardo G Kon
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7. Coryell PR Diekman BO Loeser RF . Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of cellular senescence in osteoarthritis . Nature Reviews. Rheumatology 2021 17 47 – 57 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-00533-7 ) 33208917 8. van den Bosch
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MM Weishorn J Beaule PE Grammatopoulos G Merle C . Pathologic spinopelvic balance in patients with hip osteoarthritis: preoperative screening and therapeutic implications . Der Orthopade 2020 49 860 – 869 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132
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classification that specifically considers the parameters that affect spino-pelvic sagittal balance in degenerative spondylolisthesis, and are the first to consider the therapeutic implications this may have. 47 Meanwhile, Simmonds et al have developed the
