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Maria Anna Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Lukas Leitner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Nikolaus Böhler Department for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Linz, Austria

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Franz-Josef Seibert Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Mathias Glehr Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Introduction Since the 1960s, tobacco smoking has been a well-known risk factor for development of malignancies and cardiovascular disease, and has been associated with increased mortality rates. 1 – 3 According to the World Health

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
General Orthopaedics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.6.210058
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 11
Open access
Duy Nguyen Anh Tran The International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam

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Bao Tu Thai Nguyen The International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam

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Tan Thanh Nguyen Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam

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Yu-Pin Chen Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Jie Kuo Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Introduction Smoking, a widespread habit characterized by the inhalation of nicotine-rich tobacco smoke ( 1 ), has few proven benefits, such as stress reduction ( 2 , 3 ), but multiple established adverse effects, including a detrimental

Article Type:
Systematic Review
Category:
Trauma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-23-0139
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 8
Open access
Rita Grazina Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Sérgio Teixeira Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica, Reconstrutiva e Estética e Unidade de Queimados, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Portugal

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Renato Ramos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Henrique Sousa Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Andreia Ferreira Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Rui Lemos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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higher for type 1 diabetes mellitus, justifying the fact that the pathology is commoner among insulin-dependent patients, when compared with those taking oral antidiabetic drugs. 6 , 8 , 22 Smoking and alcohol intake have also been related to the

Article Type:
Research Article
Category:
Hand & Wrist
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.4.180021
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 2
Open access
Signe Steenstrup Jensen Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Niels Martin Jensen Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark

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Per Hviid Gundtoft Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Søren Kold Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Robert Zura Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Bjarke Viberg Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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nonunion: open/closed fractures, fracture complexity (i.e. AO classification), diabetes, smoking, and age. According to the Social Security Administration final rules for evaluating musculoskeletal disorders in 2021, nonunion is defined as ‘a fracture that

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
Trauma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-21-0137
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 7
Open access
Maciej Otworowski Idea Ortopedia, Warsaw, Poland

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Dariusz Grzelecki Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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Krzysztof Starszak Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Andrzej Boszczyk Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Centre of Posgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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Mateusz Piorunek Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Bartłomiej Kordasiewicz Idea Ortopedia, Warsaw, Poland
Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Centre of Posgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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operative time (>174 min) 4.05 History of solid organ transplantation 8.18 Parkinson’s disease 1.5 Smoking 4.56–7.27 RA 1.9 Post-traumatic arthritis 2.17 1.9 AVN 1.1 Revision

Article Type:
Systematic Review
Category:
Shoulder & Elbow
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-22-0097
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 10
Open access
Jinlong Zhao The Second School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury, Guangzhou, China

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Jianke Pan The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury, Guangzhou, China

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Ling-feng Zeng The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury, Guangzhou, China

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Ming Wu The Second School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury, Guangzhou, China

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Weiyi Yang The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury, Guangzhou, China

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Jun Liu The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury, Guangzhou, China

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diagnosis. Currently, some studies suggest that age, smoking, family genetics, hypercholesterolemia, overload, microtrauma and impaction are associated with rotator cuff injury. 12 – 15 However, research on the risk factors for full-thickness rotator cuff

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
Shoulder & Elbow
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.6.210027
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 11
Open access
Frédéric Vauclair Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Patrick Goetti Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Ngoc Tram V. Nguyen Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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risk factors for nonunion or infection with the potential to be corrected prior to further surgical management. These include smoking, poor nutritional status, metabolic disorders, immunosuppressant medications, active inflammatory processes and poor

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
Shoulder & Elbow
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.5.190050
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 5
Open access
Mustafa S. Rashid Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Yves Tourné Institut Grenoblois de Chirurgie du Pied, Echirolles, France

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Kar H. Teoh Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK

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yielded a more favourable result than those treated with LIPUS > 12 months since their last surgery ( OR 5.72, 95% CI: 1.62, 20.22). Patient age, smoking status, and fracture age did not significantly influence the healing rate in this meta

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
Foot & Ankle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.6.200045
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Pieter Caekebeke Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, Genk, Belgium

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Joris Duerinckx Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, Genk, Belgium

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Roger van Riet AZ Monica, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Antwerp, Belgium
University Hospital Antwerp, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Edegem, Belgium

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predisposing factors include an elevated body mass index (BMI), smoking and steroid use. Elevated BMI, possibly secondary to greater muscle mass, would increase the load on the tendon and may predispose to rupture. Furthermore, obesity has been shown to

Article Type:
Review Article
Category:
Shoulder & Elbow
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.6.200145
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 10
Open access
Torben Bæk Hansen Aarhus University and The Lundback Centre for Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Denmark

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-operative optimisation. In a Danish study, 45% of the patients had pre-operative risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption polypharmacy, anaemia, high BMI and low physical activity, that potentially may lead to complications or a prolonged LOS in hospital not

Article Type:
Research Article
Category:
Hip
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.2.160060
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 5
Open access