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Correction manoeuvres are as important as the other issues such as hardware selection, graft options, fusion and osteotomy techniques in the surgical treatment of spinal deformities.
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The property of materials demonstrating both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation is called visco-elasticity. Purely elastic materials change in shape with a stress, and go back to their initial form when the stress is removed. However, visco-elastic materials, like the spine, may protect their new formation unless a back stress is applied. Time is a very important parameter during manoeuvre application to the spine because of its visco-elastic behavior.
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The most common correction manoeuvres that can be used for spinal deformities are rod de-rotation, distraction-compression, in situ rod bending, segmental de-rotation, en bloc de-rotation and cantilever.
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Spontaneous correction of a minor curve is possible after selective fusion of a major curve due to coupling phenomenon.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.170002. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
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. Table 2. Representative disorders of the growth plate Syndrome Defect Zone involved Manifestations Campomelic dysplasia SOX9 gene defect Proliferative 95% mortality in neonatal period; scoliosis, kyphosis, short limbs
