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Markus Jaschke Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Krzysztof Rekawek Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Sebastian Sokolowski Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Lukasz Kolodziej Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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. Epidemiology Although proximal biceps tendon rupture of the long head is more common, with more than 50% of all biceps ruptures, the literature is more investigated and controversial in the rupture of the distal biceps with 3% of all ruptured biceps. Distal

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Mehmet Demirhan Koç University, Turkey

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Ali Ersen Istanbul University, Turkey

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join together at elbow level and attach to the olecranon to form one of the strongest tendons in the body. It covers the whole posterior aspect of the arm, and its rupture is very rare. In 1959, Anzel et al examined 1014 tendon ruptures in their study

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Pieter Caekebeke Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, Genk, Belgium

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Joris Duerinckx Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, Genk, Belgium

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Roger van Riet AZ Monica, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Antwerp, Belgium
University Hospital Antwerp, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Edegem, Belgium

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clinical outcomes of older techniques. Only a few report on innovation. The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date review of the literature with an emphasis on new concepts in diagnosis and treatment of acute complete and partial DBT ruptures

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Reha N Tandogan Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
Ortoklinik & Cankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkey

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Esref Terzi Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
Avcilar Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Enrique Gomez-Barrena Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Bruno Violante Orthopaedic Department, Clinical Institute Sant’Ambrogio, IRCCS – Galeazzi, Milano, Italy

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Asim Kayaalp Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
Ortoklinik & Cankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkey

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Extensor mechanism disruptions are serious knee injuries resulting in considerable loss of function and morbidity. The injury may present itself in three main settings, namely, primary ruptures of the tendon, disruptions in patients with a knee

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Felix Kurt Massen Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Seth Shoap Trauma Training Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

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J Turner Vosseller Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

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Weija Fan Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

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John Usseglio Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

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Wolfgang Boecker Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Sebastian Felix Baumbach Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Hans Polzer Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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Background Achilles tendon ruptures are common injuries ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) and occur most frequently in young and active males around 40 years old ( 1 , 3 , 4 ). Over the past few decades, treatment concepts (non-surgical/surgical and

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Martin C Jordan Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
TraumaEvidence @ German Society for Trauma Surgery, Berlin, Germany

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Konrad F Fuchs Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Steven C Herath Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Joachim Windolf TraumaEvidence @ German Society for Trauma Surgery, Berlin, Germany
Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Rainer H Meffert Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Anne Neubert TraumaEvidence @ German Society for Trauma Surgery, Berlin, Germany
Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Introduction Open-book pelvic injuries are often caused by an anterior impact that leads to the external rotation of one or both hemipelves, resulting in the rupture of the symphysis pubis. The sacroiliac joint acts as a fulcrum of rotation

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Jimmy Ng Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Pau Balcells-Nolla Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Peter J. James Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Benjamin V. Bloch Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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, difficulty walking and/or pain. Its incidence is reported to be between 0.1% and 2.5% in all TKA but revision TKA is thought to carry a higher risk. 1 – 4 Extensor mechanism failure can present as quadriceps tendon rupture, patella fracture ( Fig. 1

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F T Spindler Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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V Herterich Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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B M Holzapfel Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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W Böcker Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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H Polzer Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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S F Baumbach Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

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the Calder adaption of the West Point Ankle Grading System ( 1 , 7 , 8 ). Whereas Grade I (AiTFL sprain) and Grade IIA (AiTFL rupture) lesions are considered stable injuries, Grade IIB (AiTFL, IOM rupture or Deltoid rupture) and Grade III (AiTFL, IOM

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Nuno Corte-Real Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital de Cascais Dr. José de Almeida, Portugal

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João Caetano Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital de Cascais Dr. José de Almeida, Portugal

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complications. The term instability implies a dysfunction of the ligaments. It can be acute or chronic and results from a traumatic event, and is therefore related with a ligament rupture. The ankle has three main set of ligaments: the lateral, the medial and

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Juan Carlos Monllau Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
ICATKnee, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia i Medicina de l’Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, UAB, Barcelona, Spain

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Simone Perelli Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
ICATKnee, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia i Medicina de l’Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, UAB, Barcelona, Spain

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Giuseppe Gianluca Costa Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Ospedale Umberto I, Enna, Italy

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), persistent instability ( 26 , 27 ), graft impingement ( 28 , 29 ), and loss of motion ( 19 , 30 ). While inadequate stability and excessive strain may predispose to mechanical failure, graft impingement can cause an attritional rupture or interfere with

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