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Abdul-ilah Hachem Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

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Andres Molina-Creixell Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico

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Xavier Rius Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

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Karla Rodriguez-Bascones Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asepeyo Hospital, Barcelona, Spain

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Francisco Javier Cabo Cabo Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

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Jose Luis Agulló Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

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Miguel Angel Ruiz-Iban Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Introduction Isolated posterior instability is reported as being the least common of all glenohumeral instabilities, representing from 2 to 10% of all cases ( 1 , 2 ). In certain demographic groups, such as athletes in contact sports, rowers

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Sohrab Keyhani Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Movahedinia Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Arash Sherafat Vaziri Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mehran Soleymanha Orthopedic Surgery, Poursina Hospital Orthopaedic Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

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Fardis Vosoughi Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Tahami Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

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Robert F LaPrade Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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observing all areas of the knee joint, especially the posterior compartments ( 1 ). This is of more importance in the repair of posterior meniscus lesions ( 2 ). In addition, the use of anterior portals limits the surgeon in using the arthroscope to treat

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Tahir Ögüt Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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N. Selcuk Yontar Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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technique increasingly used for the treatment of hindfoot pathologies. 1 Posterior ankle impingement syndrome, flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon problems, osteochondral lesions, subtalar coalitions, osteoarthritis, talar bone cysts, talar fractures

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Nuri Aydin Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Istanbul, Turkey

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Mahmut Enes Kayaalp Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Istanbul, Turkey

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Mustafa Asansu Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Istanbul, Turkey

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Bedri Karaismailoglu Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Istanbul, Turkey

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Introduction The shoulder is the most frequently dislocated joint in the human body. 1 There are three main types of dislocations regarding the direction of the humeral head displacement: anterior; inferior; and posterior. Anterior

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Alfonso Vaquero-Picado Department of Orthopedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261. CP 28046. Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261. CP 28046. Madrid, Spain

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Introduction Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears are not as frequent as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. They are rare as an isolated injury and more commonly occur in a multi-ligament-injured knee. 1 Although it is well

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Ozgur Basal Agri State Hospital, Turkey

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Recep Dincer Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Turkey

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Bulent Turk Kahta State Hospital, Turkey

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Introduction Locked posterior dislocation of the shoulder (LPDS) is an uncommon condition that is often misdiagnosed and becomes chronic due to an inadequate physical examination. LPDS cases include actual fracture-dislocations, impression

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Riccardo D’Ambrosi IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Katia Corona Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy

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Germano Guerra Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy

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Simone Cerciello Department of Orthopaedics, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
Casa di Cura Villa Betania, Rome, Italy
Marrelli Hospital, Crotone, Italy

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Chiara Ursino IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy

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Nicola Ursino IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Michael Hantes Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece

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Introduction The posterior oblique ligament (POL) was described for the first time by Hughston and Eilers in 1973 who assigned clinical and biomechanical significance of the knee’s stability to it. 1 Subsequently, however, Robinson et al

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Alp Paksoy Charité University Hospital, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany

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Doruk Akgün Charité University Hospital, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany

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Sebastian Lappen Schulthess Klinik, Lengghalde 2, Zurich, Switzerland

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Philipp Moroder Schulthess Klinik, Lengghalde 2, Zurich, Switzerland

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ABC classification Due to the multifactorial etiology and pathomechanism, diagnosis and treatment decisions for posterior shoulder instability (PSI) remain a challenge in clinical practice ( 1 , 2 ). This is why we introduced the ABC

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yongwei Su The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China

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Feng Xue Department of Orthopaedics, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Zhenghua Hong Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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mainly due to the physical condition of the patient and the operation method. Studies have shown that diabetes and posterior spinal surgery are high-risk factors for infection. Comparatively, posterior spinal surgery is a more severe trauma and the

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Andrea Fidanza Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology - Department of life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
Hand Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Stefano Necozione Unit of Clinical Epidemiology - Department of life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy

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Lorenzo Garagnani Hand Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

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denervation techniques used ( 3 ). Since Berger's description of the technique of surgical neurectomy of the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) using the same dorsal approach, numerous surgeons have reported this

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