Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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years old at the time of the fracture. He was a non-communicative CP patient with a Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) grade II. He was referred to the authors two months after symptoms began and X-rays showed bilateral Garden IV hip
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compression. Resisted little finger FDP muscle action is key to detecting a subtle motor deficit. The examiner’s index finger should not be able to overpower the flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint in the small finger if motor function is normal. The
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. Sensory and motor functions should be carefully examined, where the motor evaluation includes pinch and grip strength as well as evaluation of the function and the strength of individual muscles that are innervated by the specific involved nerves. Sensory
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Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, UK
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detect spinal soft tissue injuries missed by CT that, however, have no impact on further patient care. James et al nevertheless recommend a clinical exam to ensure intact gross motor function. In case of impairment, a complementary MRI is to be considered
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, anaesthesiologist, and monitoring technician. 3 The simplest and the oldest way of detecting gross motor function deficit is the Stagnara wake-up test. It is based on intraoperative reduction of anaesthesia and asking the patient to move his/her limbs. This
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Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). 3 Walking is essential for activities of daily living and social participation; therefore, it is often considered one of the most important activities in daily life. 4 Nowadays, due to the
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impairments; 77–93% are affected by spasticity; and up to 35% are nonambulatory (10–15% Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level IV and 12–19% GMFCS level V) ( 1 ). The incidence rate of hip displacement in CP is 35% and correlates with GMFCS
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girdle with particular attention to the deltoid, trapezius, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor atrophy, as well as scapular winging, is the first step of the clinical examination. A general examination of the sensory and motor function of the
University Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
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University Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
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University Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
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University Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
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. 45. Dhillon GS Krüger TB Sandhu JS Horch KW . Effects of short-term training on sensory and motor function in severed nerves of long-term human amputees . J Neurophysiol 2005 ; 93 : 2625 – 2633 . 46
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MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK
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such as nerve damage, autonomic blockade, spinal haematoma formation and infection and also preserves motor function for early mobilization, 42 but it may have more of a role to play in day-case TKA than THA. 43 The effectiveness of post
