Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
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Dom Henrique Research Centre, Portugal
3Bs Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Braga, Portugal
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Introduction The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured knee ligament, and an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most frequently associated injury after an MCL lesion. 1 – 4 Successful outcomes after
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Introduction Understanding the anatomy of the medial side of the knee is essential for a correct diagnosis and treatment of isolated medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears. Conservative treatment of these lesions usually provides good results
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Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
School of Medicine, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
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valgus force to the knee helps to expose the medial compartment during knee arthroscopy, but it is important to consider the potential risk of medial collateral ligament (MCL) rupture or avulsion fracture in the femur. 11 The use of a joint
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contributed to our understanding of the anatomy and kinematics of the medial structures. The three main static stabilizers on the medial side of the knee are the superficial and the deep medial collateral ligament and the posterior oblique ligament. 2
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ligament (and posterolateral corner) and medial collateral ligament (and posteromedial corner) ( Fig. 1 ). 1 These injuries are commonly classified using the Schenck classification system ( Table 1 ). 2 The incidence of these injuries has been
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the medial collateral ligament? What is the best exposure for the more complex cases? What is the role of external fixation, and should it be dynamic or static? What if there is an associated Essex-Lopresti injury? Do I add prophylaxis to prevent
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Casa di Cura Villa Betania, Rome, Italy
Marrelli Hospital, Crotone, Italy
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, in their dissection study, did not find a discrete ligament, and they simply referred to all structures posterior to the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) as the posteromedial joint capsule. 2 Biomechanics and cadaveric studies have
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to the medial collateral ligament of the knee than to an ACL. Earlier post-surgical rehabilitation of the hip, back, scapula and shoulder, while the elbow reconstruction is protected by a brace, may allow an earlier return to play. Valgus
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of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) at the sublime tubercle of the anteromedial facet was included in this systematization as the most important criterion for coronoid fracture management, resulting in posteromedial instability if ignored. In
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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South-West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom, UK
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Shamir Medical Center, Zriffin, Israel
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Département de Chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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released to obtain medio-lateral compartment balance. Note . MA, mechanical alignment; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; rKA, restricted kinematic alignment; HKA, hip-knee-ankle; MCL, medial collateral ligament. Type 2 Type 2 defines a lower
