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) instability as well as posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral corner (PLCnr) laxities. 15 - 19 More literature is available regarding the combination of HTO and ligament reconstruction in these clinical scenarios. The short- and medium
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FORE (Foundation for Research and Teaching in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Trauma, and Imaging in the Musculoskeletal System), Meyrin, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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that voluntary dislocators may not respond as well to surgical intervention as non-voluntary ones. It can also be challenging to determine a clear definition of MDI due to its intuitive overlap with generalized ligamentous laxity or hyperlaxity. While
Orthopaedic Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece
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individual knee and patient characteristics. Fig. 1 Factors affecting long-term outcomes of total knee arthroplasty. Knee laxity The normal knee is a relative unstable joint which relies on both static and dynamic stabilizers for stability
These authors contributed equally to this work
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These authors contributed equally to this work
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to overload and injury. 4 This disruption in menisco-capsular junction in patients with ACL injury significantly increases laxity. 5 A lesion in the area stimulates articular cartilage degeneration of the medial compartment of the knee over
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Department of Knee Surgery, Casa di Cura Solatrix, Rovereto, TN, Italy
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Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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collateral ligament laxities, knee kinematics, and gait ( 3 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ). However, one important question remains: should all pre-operative anatomies be reproduced? Not only is there great variability of hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA) between
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recovered. If medial laxity persists after conservative treatment, the medial structures can be reconstructed at the time of ACL surgery. Failure to recognize and treat the medial side results in abnormal strains on the ACL graft and is a significant reason
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multiple predisposing factors. A positive family history and general joint laxity are commonly found. Such dislocations almost always progress to a chronic habitual form. In practice, at first presentation of a patient complaining about long
ICATKnee, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia i Medicina de l’Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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ICATKnee, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia i Medicina de l’Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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reconstruction failure as abnormal knee function due to graft failure itself with abnormal laxity or failure to recreate a functional knee according to the expected outcome ( 9 ). When an ACL reconstruction fails, revision surgery is indicated to improve knee
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motor neuron but commonly affects one or both lower limbs with variable severity. The quadriceps muscle is frequently affected. Patients with limb paralysis develop abnormal alignment, generalized hypotonia and ligamentous laxity, which predispose to
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infection or laxity without traumatic or technical causes, 8%). Technical errors also played a contributing role in 17% of all failures. Regarding technical errors, femoral tunnel malpositioning was the main cause (63%), followed by tibial tunnel
