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N. Reha Tandogan Çankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkey

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Asim Kayaalp Çankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkey

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athletes . Am J Sports Med 2014 ; 42 : 1103 – 1109 . 10. Miyasaka KC , Daniel DM , Stone ML , et al. . The incidence of knee ligament injuries in the general population . Am J Knee Surg 1991 ; 4 : 3 – 8 . 11

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Chilan Bou Ghosson Leite Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Patricia Moreno Grangeiro Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Diego Ubrig Munhoz Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Pedro Nogueira Giglio Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Gilberto Luis Camanho Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Riccardo Gomes Gobbi Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Flowchart showing the selection criteria used to identify studies with the search strategy. Note . CFD, congenital femoral deficiency. Knee ligament abnormalities As mentioned, two studies assessed the cruciate ligament abnormalities in CFD

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Spain

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results in initial cases . Am J Sports Med 2005 ; 33 : 1380 – 1385 . 22. Marx RG Hetsroni I . Surgical technique: medial collateral ligament reconstruction using Achilles allograft for combined knee ligament injury . Clin

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Andrea Ferrera Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Turin, Italy

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Jacques Menetrey Centre de Médecine du Sport et de l’Exercice (CMSE), Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Hirslanden Clinique La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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  • Osteotomies around the knee represent a valid surgical treatment in young active patients affected by unicompartmental osteoarthritis and/or knee ligament instability.

  • This review article describes the main osteotomies performed around the knee and their optimization, with particular attention to indications and surgical technique in light of the most recent literature and author experience.

  • Further developments have to be expected from technological advances, focusing particularly on surgical planning and the control of intraoperative deformity correction by pre-shaped cutting blocks.

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Francisco Figueroa Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

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David Figueroa Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile

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Rafael Calvo Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile

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Alex Vaisman Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile

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João Espregueira-Mendes Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
Dom Henrique Research Centre, Portugal
3Bs Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Braga, Portugal

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Introduction The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured knee ligament, and an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most frequently associated injury after an MCL lesion. 1 – 4 Successful outcomes after

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Josep Muñoz Vives Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Andorra, Spain

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Jean-Christophe Bel Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Arantxa Capel Agundez Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

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Francisco Chana Rodríguez Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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José Palomo Traver Hospital General de Castelló, Castelló de la Plana, Spain

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Morten Schultz-Larsen Odense Universitetshospita, Odense, Denmark

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Theodoros Tosounidis Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK

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% of the patients during the first 24 hours of admission. 13 Joint and knee ligament injuries are common, with a laxity up to 19%. 8 Fat embolism and compartment syndromes are also common. 1 , 4 , 14 It is mandatory to be aware of this

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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1. Physical examination of knee ligament injuries Structure Test Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Lachman’s test, pivot shift Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Posterior drawer, posterior sag sign Medial

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Joanna Baawa-Ameyaw Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Ricci Plastow Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Fahima Aarah Begum Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Babar Kayani Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Hyder Jeddy Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Fares Haddad Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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revision rates for ACL reconstructions performed using HT autografts versus QT grafts, using data from the Danish Knee Ligament Registry (DKLR). 21 In total, 16,579 ACL reconstructions suitable for the studies’ inclusion and exclusion criteria were

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Deepak Samson The Centre for Nerve Injury and Paralysis, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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Chye Yew Ng The Upper Limb Unit, Wrightington Hospital, UK

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Dominic Power The Centre for Nerve Injury and Paralysis, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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multiple knee ligament injuries in 44 patients: 2-8 years follow-up results . Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2006 ; 14 : 739 - 749 . 14 Harner CD , Waltrip RL , Bennett CH , et al. . Surgical management of knee

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Francisco Figueroa Knee Unit, Hospital Dr Sotero del Rio, Chile; Knee Unit, Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile

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David Figueroa Knee Unit, Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile

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João Espregueira-Mendes Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Portugal; Dom Henrique Research Centre, Portugal; 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Portugal; Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Portugal

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measured in the study. Finally, Snaebjörnsson et al 25 published a study on 2240 patients using data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry. A total of 560 were cases (patients who underwent hamstring ACL reconstruction and finally were

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