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affecting fracture healing with a judgement about the likely prognosis for healing and function based on a multiplicity of intrinsic (shoulder) and extrinsic (comorbid) factors. For any displaced fracture treated nonoperatively, the outcome will be defined
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Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Introduction Bone grafting is a surgical procedure whereby bone tissue is transplanted from one area to another in order to repair or replace non-viable bone or augment the native healing response ( 1 ). Following blood transfusion, bone
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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has failed to unite completely. Nonunion is usually established when a minimum of 9 months has elapsed since the injury and the fracture site has shown no, or minimal, progressive signs of healing for a minimum of 3 months’ ( 12 ). Therefore, a 9-month
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Clinic of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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stimulates bone formation by activating osteoblasts. PTH (1-84) has shown the same effect and has been used as an osteoporotic treatment as well. 5 This suggests a positive influence on bone healing, and teriparatide has been used off-label for treatment
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Mimetis Biomaterials, Spain
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Bone as a living tissue: the bone healing process Bone composition: the role of bone mineral Bone is a metabolically active tissue, containing several types of cells in a unique extracellular matrix. A distinctive feature of the
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Introduction Non-union or pseudarthrosis represents the inability of bone to heal after a fracture. Although this is a general definition that is well accepted by most orthopaedic trauma surgeons, it is not a simple concept. The absence of
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, fracture healing time, range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint post-operation 6 months, overall excellent and good rates of Schatzker–Lambert functional score ( 20 ), and postoperative complications; (iv) randomised controlled trials and cohort studies; (v
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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). MUA is not free from complications such as fractures, implant failure with loss of reduction (in cases of very early mobilisation prior to fracture healing), tendon rupture, and articular cartilage damage ( 31 ). MUA should therefore be performed with
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fractures due to bone pathology or malignancy Accelerating repair in distraction osteogenesis procedures Treatment of joint fusion Source : Taken from Bioventus EXOGEN ® Ultrasound Bone Healing System Instruction Manual
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Computed Tomography Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
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cell vesicles, which release the specific proteins of the healing process. Wang’s research group showed several working mechanisms which fit into this idea of mechano-transduction, as the cascade is called by ESWT users. 15 In animal models it is
