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Introduction Reviews of the early history of scapula fractures pay tribute to pioneering French surgeons, but the first study devoted entirely to scapula fractures was that by Traugott Karl August Vogt in 1799. 1 , 2 It was not until 1939
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Introduction Humeral shaft fractures (HSF) are relatively common, representing approximately 1% to 5% of all fractures. 1 – 3 The annual incidence ranges from 13 to 20 per 100,000 persons and has been found to be higher with age. 4 – 6
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Introduction Scapular fractures involving the glenoid are uncommon. According to the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR, a web-based registration that covers roughly 80% of the orthopaedic clinics in Sweden), scapular fractures account for
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St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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Introduction Olecranon fractures account for 4% of all paediatric elbow fractures, and are associated with other ipsilateral elbow injuries up to 20% of the time, which in turn are associated with poorer outcomes. 1 In adults, olecranon
Orthopaedic Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
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University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Introduction Metatarsal fractures represent the most common injury of the foot, accounting for approximately 5–6% of all the fractures encountered in the primary care setting, with about 45–70% of these injuries involving the fifth metatarsal
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some types of fractures, there is usually no universal consensus concerning the type of implant, and therefore regional fracture treatment is determined by the surgeon’s preference. 1 , 2 Double-blinded, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are
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Epidemiology Ankle fractures are very common, with an annual incidence of 74 per 100 000 people and a mean age of 56 years in Germany ( 1 ). Interestingly, 60% of the fractures occur in women with an increase of the incidence between the age
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Introduction Hip fractures are common orthopaedic injuries with an estimated 60 000 to 75 000 cases each year in the United Kingdom, at an estimated annual cost of £2 billion to the NHS. This cost is growing due to the increase in the ageing
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Introduction Fractures of the femoral head are severe, but uncommon, injuries of the proximal femur, which typically occur after posterior dislocation of the hip joint. 1 – 3 In 1869, Birkett was the first to discover and document femoral
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International Knee and Joint Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Introduction Complex epiphyseal knee fractures are rare. In contrast to the high incidence of femoral neck and proximal humerus fractures, epiphyseal knee fractures account only for up to 1% of annual emergency admissions. Furthermore, the sub
